Paper is a thin flat material produced by compressing the cellulose fibers of the vegetables, natural fibers are usually so composed mainly of cellulose, the material is used in those pages of writing and printing and packaging bags and walls of houses and kitchens.
Date of paper
And is credited with the invention of paper material to the Chinese who Ontjoh from the first century AD, and so out of bamboo stalks (bamboo) and hollow rags or fishing nets, hemp and China grass. And is optimized using the bark of the trees, and hemp cloth where these materials knock, after the wash and lose their colors, in the mills, especially even turn into a paste, fresh be added to the amount of water until it becomes like liquid soap, and after that filtered the mixture taken fiber knit the remaining carefully spread over the Flat panel Tgvvh heat of the sun. After drying the paper sheet can refine it later obtained by a mixture of starch, flour and dried again. So get alleged paper unusable.
The development of paper industry
And has been the paper industry in the development and took great importance especially after the invented Gutenberg's first printing press, and began with her interest in the types of securities different, and started modern technology play their role in the industry, that it is now much more than just papers for printing and other packaging, but are there forms and types of Each performs a different role depending on the source of extraction.
There is a paper is taken primarily from the tree needles, which are commonly found in the northern regions of the cold of Europe, there are papers saturation fiber cellulose in order to take the feel of fabric and its luster, or because they give good specifications when printing them, and use of inks occasion, and have come from basic cotton trees and rice, vampire reeds.
Not only the methods and types of paper, but are there other specifications more precise and complex; where we find special devices to measure the gloss surface of the paper, and a device for measuring the strength and durability of pulling the paper used in packaging operations, as well as acidity and alkalinity.
Learn more about the paper
Relatively easy to differentiate between paper and other materials, but it is difficult to identify certain types of paper. For modern printed paper is usually a date of production is the best way to identify the type of paper. However, there are many groups, especially after 1820, when he was tested many of the fibers (the beginning of the grass hay and even allies), and when you use different sets of bleach catalysts and glued paper on the chemical. And lead these groups to recognize the complexity of the paper, so as not to be precise possible only through chemical analysis and analysis of fiber only.
And varies from machine-made paper handmade paper in many respects, but the regularity of fiber is the most striking aspects to consider. In handmade paper, caused inundation areas of mold or su (Japanese) suspended in the liquid component of water and fiber Shake with water and using his candidacy refinery, in which randomly overlapping fiber increases the strength of the paper. In contrast, production of paper is made using a drum machine on permanent rotation, circulation and cause the machine to align the fibers to each other in one direction, making the paper a bit weaker along the fiber direction or machine direction. There is a trend in the fiber of this other paper products, such as cardboard and folders.
Wrinkled paper that can be folded to reverse the fiber is forming folds flat, and the paper you are using a wet adhesive expands more and more to display the direction of fiber expands more than the length. To determine the direction of the fibers in procurement, could be bending the paper in both directions, and will show the direction of fibers less resistance. There is another simple test can be done by tearing the paper in both directions, Vsimzk paper more easily along the direction of the fibers.
Given the alarming rate of damage to the paper talk, been made many efforts to develop chemically stable paper, based on the alkaline species in the fortified base. In recent years, most Western countries focused on the production of alkaline paper. Because paper manufacturing processes that involve the processing of ancient acids cause the pollution of waterways, air and soil, has pushed the government regulations, the paper industry towards a cleaner, more processing and less polluting.
So Many of the paper is produced at present in industrialized countries is acid-free paper, but alkaline. However it is still cheap ground wood paper made for the purpose of printing newspapers and some other uses of non-permanent. And damages the paper quickly, leading to the emergence of problems, "the paper fragile" in the libraries in the world. These problems are acute in developed countries, in particular, where many of the production of paper books, acidic, and the weather is not suitable.
Paper Industry
Attend the paper from the fiber Alsellalosalta found in the walls of all plant cells. When a candidate mixture of water and the Olaovemn through sieve or promiscuous careful interweaving of the fibers with each other made up newspaper thin paper, and when dried thin wet arise chemical bonds between molecules in the cellulose fibers, giving a thin paper strength. Wood is the main source of papermaking fibers and packaging
Cellulose
Of the most organic compounds are widespread in the earth, the walls are cellular in the plant has a role Daami, consists of cellulose molecules of polymer comprising the series is branching consists of condensing molecules of glucose (sugar) that are associated with some links Gluckozsidih, and organized its molecules in the cell wall of plants in the form of fibers parallel sometimes interrelated and sometimes accidental, leading to the creation of support is very strong, protects the plant cell.
Paper Manufacturing Machine
The manufacture of paper automatically cleans the bark of the user using the machine to get rid of dust and foreign materials Oalrmad.
After this cleaning process, the bark is placed in a kettle where a large circular boil bark, and lime under steam pressure for up to several hours.
Lime combines with the fat and other exotic Article in the bark of the soap is soluble, and can be disposed of later this soap, and the lime reduces the dye any color found in the vehicle color.
Then turns to bark machine called Hollander to form a continuum.
And passes the mixture consisting of bark and water between the cylinder and base plate and turns Allha to the fibers, so that absorbs water from the basin, leaving the bark and fibers behind.
And while the flow of a mixture of bark and water on Alholandz, is disposed of dirt and soaked bark gradually decompose completely to a single fiber.
After that is entered in the wet bark Holandz subset of the machine to separate the fiber again.
At this point, add the coloring materials and glue glue and filler materials such as sulphate of lime, so as to increase the size and weight of paper.
Alorkorq types of newspapers
A few light paper durability very short-lived absorption of liquids.
Paper magazine
Which is similar to newsprint, but it is characterized by the Plumaana clear, and make both types of pulp chemical way.
Cardboard
Which is of two types:
Type polygon: It consists of several layers, and is used for the production of packaging.
Type of Ramadi: The dough is made by drying the pulp Almsthaddma especially when furnaces, instead of the drying cylinder, and is used in the binding of various publications. Paperboard
And addresses the pulp used in the manufacture of different chemical materials, and painted with layers of wax is used in food packaging
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