Three elections and fair elections in Egypt
Egypt witnessed three elections just saw all the historians of full fairness, two of them before the revolution of 1952 and one after the revolution. Like any fair elections under the government of the autocracy, all came by a majority of the House of Representatives opposed to the government. And are followed by a setback for the integrity of the fund the government's resort to fraud to the exclusion of opposition voices that attracted the support of the people.
The first election in 1924
Fair elections first took place in an atmosphere of historical after the revolution of 1919, where Britain issued a statement February 28, which gives the relative independence of Egypt, and also passed the Constitution of 1923, the first constitution is activated in the history of modern Egypt, and provides for the establishment of parliamentary life in Egypt in which people rule the country through parliament people choose its members, and the party that enjoys the majority of the members to form a government.
And the fact that this constitution was a good step for the task of democratic life, but he has not been without criticism, such as aspects that give the king the right to dissolve parliament and dismiss the ministry, enable the king and is the owner of the executive power of control in the legislature and the Parliament.
On July 23, 1923 martial law was abolished, and fought a delegation led by Saad Zaghloul elections in January 1924, and the result was that the delegation won a landslide victory and won the most seats in parliament. While a few of the successful Liberal Constitutionalist Party, headed by Abd al-Khaliq Tharwat.
And the form of Saad Zaghloul and the Ministry under his leadership was the first Egyptian rural origin who shall take office and called his ministry and the Ministry of the people.
Saad Pasha Zaghloul
View Saad Pasha and his ministry program and was intended to get rid of the four reservations in a statement February 28 that were impeding the full independence of Egypt, putting forward Saad Zaghloul and national demands are:
Full independence clearly English troops from the country
Egypt's Bmsalyatea in the protection of the Suez Canal
Freedom of the Egyptian government in the development of its foreign policy
The Egyptian Government, which holds the minority and foreign affairs
But the British government rejected these demands and swore Ministry Saad hostility.
And when the opportunity came but one out of patriotism and the assassination of Egyptian Sardar Egyptian army in Sudan Searle Sirlee Stack and Stack is in Cairo, turning the British government and the face of this incident, Lord Allenby ultimatum to the Ministry of Saad Zaghloul calling for:
The Egyptian government to provide an apology for this crime
To bring the perpetrators of this crime and the instigators of the trial and punishment
To provide compensation amounting to half a million pounds Sterling for the British government
Egyptian forces to withdraw from Sudan
That will increase the area of cultivated land in Sudan Moktna
The British aim of this warning remove Egypt from the Sudan to Britain and the unique situation of Sudan and Egypt in the economic competition on the cotton crop and the emergence of England defender look at the interests of Sudan, Egypt.
Saad Zaghloul and agreed on three points and the initial rejection of the fourth. Faqamt English troops evacuated Egyptian army units and the force of the Sudan, providing Saad Zaghloul his resignation.
After the resignation of Saad Zaghloul, King Fuad Pasha commissioned Md. He also headed the ministry to dissolve parliament. But lawmakers gathered outside the parliament and decided to stick to Saad Zaghloul in the prime minister. British Government has sent military vessels off the coast of Alexandria in the threatening demonstration, so decided to Saad Zaghloul abandon the idea of prime minister so as not to expose Egypt to another catastrophe like what happened in 1882.
And, unfortunately, the king resorted to electoral fraud and to prevent cascading delegation's arrival to power, succeeding in many cases, and rarely failed. Pressure as the British High Commissioner in many elections to topple the Muslim Brotherhood candidates in the Department of Ismailia and others.
The second election, 1950
Fair elections, the second came in different circumstances, it was in the interest of Britain to assume the presidency of the delegation of Ministers, he would be able to control the national movement after the deterioration of the popular Farouk.
The Farouk was the view that the political game are calculated after a low position, and by reducing the attack on the delegation and show flexibility in entering the delegation of the Ministry of nationalism. And at the same time that the opinion of the delegation in his interest to Almlaana with Farouk access to the ministry.
And of the fruits of this convergence to enter the delegation of the Ministry of Hussein's secret, which lasted until the national elections were held in January 3, 1950 m and won by an overwhelming majority of the delegation, and so the copper to form the government delegation to the fourth and last of Mustafa copper.
Mustafa El-Nahhas Pasha
But many historians have thought that this ministry was disappointing significantly and carries adjustments suspicious between the government Wafd and the King, and Egypt was exposed to difficult economic conditions, contributed to by the king and the government together, brought them together deals at the expense of the Egyptians, and that was listening to collapse and move the people against the whole system.
And despite that the Ministry of copper have shown great cooperation with the King in the conduct of his interests, but the King's just that not them and wanted to get rid of them and loaded the brunt of worsening economic conditions.
And the Ministry of copper for improved approaches the dismissal to the editorship of a political game to save its popularity, so she canceled the Treaty of 1936, and was in that on the evening of October 8, 1951 AD. And the government took this step at the time in order to prevent the king from the dismissal, because dismissal at that time would make it look like a martyr to the Egyptian national.
But the people were boiling like a volcano and just waiting the opportunity of the revolution, so she demonstrations on 26 and December 27, 1951 in Cairo and Alexandria and the provincial capitals, and described the demonstrations Magdy Rady, and students were the main component therein, and chanting slogans against Britain and the King and Hafez Afifi, who was appointed by Farouk Chairman of the Board on 24 December and was known for his tendency of the English.
And the volcano erupted in January 26, 1952 what is known by fire in Cairo and it marked the demise of the whole system and a new system.
Magdy Rady demonstrations demanding withdrawal of the 1951
Third election, 1976
In the era of Gamal Abdel Nasser entered the parliamentary life latency period long did not go out except when he re-Sadat multi-party system and the elections in 1976 and is a fair election the third, which came with figures of opposition to the policy of Sadat and particularly the Camp David, and ended up solving the Board in 1979 and the establishment of elections, with another in which fraud on a large scale to come to House of Representatives agreed to a peace agreement with Israel except for one vote, is the voice of Chancellor Excellent Nassar, a member of the House of Representatives by the Department of Badari Assiut, a circle only Government has not succeeded in forging their voices.
It appears clear from the history of the three elections that the establishment of free and fair elections once does not indicate the existence of a democratic foundation for the rule of the people and the devolution of power, and that people must remain conscious and can not remain silent in front of any setback for the integrity of the Fund to be establishing this rule are to prevent a coup from the executive branch represented in the President or the government.
Egypt witnessed three elections just saw all the historians of full fairness, two of them before the revolution of 1952 and one after the revolution. Like any fair elections under the government of the autocracy, all came by a majority of the House of Representatives opposed to the government. And are followed by a setback for the integrity of the fund the government's resort to fraud to the exclusion of opposition voices that attracted the support of the people.
The first election in 1924
Fair elections first took place in an atmosphere of historical after the revolution of 1919, where Britain issued a statement February 28, which gives the relative independence of Egypt, and also passed the Constitution of 1923, the first constitution is activated in the history of modern Egypt, and provides for the establishment of parliamentary life in Egypt in which people rule the country through parliament people choose its members, and the party that enjoys the majority of the members to form a government.
And the fact that this constitution was a good step for the task of democratic life, but he has not been without criticism, such as aspects that give the king the right to dissolve parliament and dismiss the ministry, enable the king and is the owner of the executive power of control in the legislature and the Parliament.
On July 23, 1923 martial law was abolished, and fought a delegation led by Saad Zaghloul elections in January 1924, and the result was that the delegation won a landslide victory and won the most seats in parliament. While a few of the successful Liberal Constitutionalist Party, headed by Abd al-Khaliq Tharwat.
And the form of Saad Zaghloul and the Ministry under his leadership was the first Egyptian rural origin who shall take office and called his ministry and the Ministry of the people.
Saad Pasha Zaghloul
View Saad Pasha and his ministry program and was intended to get rid of the four reservations in a statement February 28 that were impeding the full independence of Egypt, putting forward Saad Zaghloul and national demands are:
Full independence clearly English troops from the country
Egypt's Bmsalyatea in the protection of the Suez Canal
Freedom of the Egyptian government in the development of its foreign policy
The Egyptian Government, which holds the minority and foreign affairs
But the British government rejected these demands and swore Ministry Saad hostility.
And when the opportunity came but one out of patriotism and the assassination of Egyptian Sardar Egyptian army in Sudan Searle Sirlee Stack and Stack is in Cairo, turning the British government and the face of this incident, Lord Allenby ultimatum to the Ministry of Saad Zaghloul calling for:
The Egyptian government to provide an apology for this crime
To bring the perpetrators of this crime and the instigators of the trial and punishment
To provide compensation amounting to half a million pounds Sterling for the British government
Egyptian forces to withdraw from Sudan
That will increase the area of cultivated land in Sudan Moktna
The British aim of this warning remove Egypt from the Sudan to Britain and the unique situation of Sudan and Egypt in the economic competition on the cotton crop and the emergence of England defender look at the interests of Sudan, Egypt.
Saad Zaghloul and agreed on three points and the initial rejection of the fourth. Faqamt English troops evacuated Egyptian army units and the force of the Sudan, providing Saad Zaghloul his resignation.
After the resignation of Saad Zaghloul, King Fuad Pasha commissioned Md. He also headed the ministry to dissolve parliament. But lawmakers gathered outside the parliament and decided to stick to Saad Zaghloul in the prime minister. British Government has sent military vessels off the coast of Alexandria in the threatening demonstration, so decided to Saad Zaghloul abandon the idea of prime minister so as not to expose Egypt to another catastrophe like what happened in 1882.
And, unfortunately, the king resorted to electoral fraud and to prevent cascading delegation's arrival to power, succeeding in many cases, and rarely failed. Pressure as the British High Commissioner in many elections to topple the Muslim Brotherhood candidates in the Department of Ismailia and others.
The second election, 1950
Fair elections, the second came in different circumstances, it was in the interest of Britain to assume the presidency of the delegation of Ministers, he would be able to control the national movement after the deterioration of the popular Farouk.
The Farouk was the view that the political game are calculated after a low position, and by reducing the attack on the delegation and show flexibility in entering the delegation of the Ministry of nationalism. And at the same time that the opinion of the delegation in his interest to Almlaana with Farouk access to the ministry.
And of the fruits of this convergence to enter the delegation of the Ministry of Hussein's secret, which lasted until the national elections were held in January 3, 1950 m and won by an overwhelming majority of the delegation, and so the copper to form the government delegation to the fourth and last of Mustafa copper.
Mustafa El-Nahhas Pasha
But many historians have thought that this ministry was disappointing significantly and carries adjustments suspicious between the government Wafd and the King, and Egypt was exposed to difficult economic conditions, contributed to by the king and the government together, brought them together deals at the expense of the Egyptians, and that was listening to collapse and move the people against the whole system.
And despite that the Ministry of copper have shown great cooperation with the King in the conduct of his interests, but the King's just that not them and wanted to get rid of them and loaded the brunt of worsening economic conditions.
And the Ministry of copper for improved approaches the dismissal to the editorship of a political game to save its popularity, so she canceled the Treaty of 1936, and was in that on the evening of October 8, 1951 AD. And the government took this step at the time in order to prevent the king from the dismissal, because dismissal at that time would make it look like a martyr to the Egyptian national.
But the people were boiling like a volcano and just waiting the opportunity of the revolution, so she demonstrations on 26 and December 27, 1951 in Cairo and Alexandria and the provincial capitals, and described the demonstrations Magdy Rady, and students were the main component therein, and chanting slogans against Britain and the King and Hafez Afifi, who was appointed by Farouk Chairman of the Board on 24 December and was known for his tendency of the English.
And the volcano erupted in January 26, 1952 what is known by fire in Cairo and it marked the demise of the whole system and a new system.
Magdy Rady demonstrations demanding withdrawal of the 1951
Third election, 1976
In the era of Gamal Abdel Nasser entered the parliamentary life latency period long did not go out except when he re-Sadat multi-party system and the elections in 1976 and is a fair election the third, which came with figures of opposition to the policy of Sadat and particularly the Camp David, and ended up solving the Board in 1979 and the establishment of elections, with another in which fraud on a large scale to come to House of Representatives agreed to a peace agreement with Israel except for one vote, is the voice of Chancellor Excellent Nassar, a member of the House of Representatives by the Department of Badari Assiut, a circle only Government has not succeeded in forging their voices.
It appears clear from the history of the three elections that the establishment of free and fair elections once does not indicate the existence of a democratic foundation for the rule of the people and the devolution of power, and that people must remain conscious and can not remain silent in front of any setback for the integrity of the Fund to be establishing this rule are to prevent a coup from the executive branch represented in the President or the government.
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