The Blue Suitcase by Marianne Wheelaghan

A poignant story of a German family's struggles during the Nazi reign

Back Cover:

It is 1932, Silesia, Germany, and the eve of Antonia's 12th birthday. Hitler's Brownshirts and Red Front Marxists are fighting each other in the streets. Antonia doesn't care about the political unrest but it's all her family argue about. Then Hitler is made Chancellor and order is restored across the country, but not in Antonia's family. The longer the National Socialists stay in power, the more divided the family becomes with devastating consequences. Unpleasant truths are revealed and terrible lies uncovered. Antonia thinks life can't get much worse - and then it does. Partly based on a true-life story, Antonia's gripping diary takes the reader inside the head of an ordinary teenage girl growing up. Her journey into adulthood, however, is anything but ordinary.

It was with great pleasure that I read this World War II Nazi Germany story told through the eyes of a young German girl. The Blue Suitcase opens in 1932 Silesia, Germany. Antonia Nasiski is twelve years old. The political upheaval in her country slowly infiltrates her family, tearing them apart bit by bit as they each face horrific struggles.

It is a poignant coming-of-age story that tugs at the reader’s heartstrings. The easy, simplistic style transcends age restrictions and is appropriate for young adults as well as adults. What makes this novel so important is that it gives readers a point of view rarely shared – that of the suffering of the common German people.

The novel is a compelling read, unique, and one that will definitely shock. It is a portrayal of the resilience of the human spirit. An excellent depiction of a lesser know point of view.

Stories in history

Stories in history
Strange story of the boat
A challenge atheists - who do not believe in God - Muslim scholars in a country, they chose brightest to reply to him, and set a date. At the time everyone awaited the arrival of the world, but were delayed. He said an atheist of the present: I have escaped your world and he is afraid, because he knew I Santsr him, and proved to you that the universe is not a god! During his talk was attended by the Muslim world and apologized for the delay, it was said, and I'm on the way to here, I did not find a boat to express by the river, and waited on the the beach, suddenly appeared in the river slabs of wood, and gathered together quickly and the system to become a boat, the boat then approached me, and I came to you Frckpth. He said an atheist: This man is crazy, how Etjmah wood and becomes a boat without make it one, and how it moves without the presence of the driven?! Smiled the world, and said: What do you say about yourself and you say that this great universe, great without God?!


The story of one dirham

It is said that a woman came to the one scholars, she said to him: I have brother died, leaving six hundred dirhams, and when he divided the money did not give me only one dirham! Thought Faqih moments, then said to her, perhaps, your brother's wife, mother and two daughters and twelve brothers. Vtjpt women, and said: Yes, it is as well. He said: This is the dirham your right, and they did not Azlmuk: Vlzojth for what to leave, which is equal to (75 dirhams), and two daughters, two-thirds, which is equal to (400 AED), and his mother's sixth amount, which is equal to ( AED 100), and the remainder (25 dirhams) is distributed to twelve brothers and sister, and takes twice as much as men take women, for every brother Darhaman, leaving his sister - which is you - and one AED.


Story of wasted money

It is said that a man came to Imam Abu Hanifa night, and said to him: O Imam! Long-buried money somewhere, but I forgot this place, will help me in solving this problem? Imam said to him: This is not the work of the jurist; until you find a solution. Vkrlhzh then said to him: Go, so that the separation of the morning, you will be remembered that the place of money, God willing. The man went, and prayed. Suddenly, after a short time, and during the prayer, remember where you buried the money in it, ran and went to him and brought him. In the morning the man came to Imam Abu Hanifa, and told him that he found the money, and thanked him, then asked him: How did you know that I will remember the place of money?! Imam said: for I knew that the devil will not let you pray, and remember Sischglk money for your prayers.


The story of the wise women

Rose Omar - may Allah be pleased with him - one day pulpit, and addressed the people and asked them not to Agallowa in the women's dowries, because the Messenger of Allah peace be upon him and his companions did not increase in women's dowries for four hundred dirhams? So ordered them not to increase in the dowry of women at four hundred dirhams. When he came down the faithful from the pulpit, said to him, a woman from the Quraish, O Commander of the Faithful, have forbidden people to increase women in Sedkathen four hundred dirhams? He said: Yes. She said: As I heard the words of God: And you come to one of them quintals} (Kuntar: a lot of money). He said: Oh God, forgiveness, all the people knowledgeable of the age. Then he came back he went up the platform, and said: O people, I forbid you to Tzdwa in the women's dowries, it is willing to give of his money let him do what I love


The story of the Caliph al-Hakim

Omar bin Abdul Aziz - may Allah be pleased with him - known for his wisdom and kindness, and in one day, he entered upon one of his sons, and said to him: O my father! Why compromise on some things?! I swear if I where you are afraid of the right one. Said the Caliph to his son: Do not rush, my son;, God condemns alcohol in the Koran twice, and the campus in the third time, and I am afraid that I get people on the right inter Vidfoh (ie, I am afraid that forced it once Verwdoh ) shall be sedition. He turned to the son after he satisfied believed in the good policy of his father, and learned that according to his father is not out of weakness, but as a result of good understanding of his religion.


The story of the fig leaf

One day came some people to Imam Shafi'i, and asked him to mention that to them evidence of the existence of God Almighty. He thought for a moment, then said to them: The directory is a fig leaf. Marveled people of this answer, and wondered: How to be a fig leaf proof of the existence of God? ! Said Imam Shafie: "fig leaf taste one; but if you eat silkworms out silk, and if eating the bees out honey, and if eaten antelope out musk a fragrance .. it is that united the parent and the number of exits?!". It is God - the Almighty - Great Creator of the universe!


Story sneezes Sahi

Abdullah bin Mubarak worshipers diligent, and scholars the Qur'an and Sunnah, to attend his council of many people; to learn from his knowledge of heavy. One day, he was walking with a man in the road, Ftts man, but he did not praise God. Looked at him I Alambok, to draw the view that Hamad Allah after sneezing years on every Muslim to keep them, but the man did not notice. He wanted I'm blessed that it worked this year without that embarrasses him, asked him: anything he says sneezes if he sneezes? Man said: Praise God! then said to him, Son of the Blessed: God bless you


Story of the man polemicist

One day, he went a polemicists to Imam Shafi'i, and said to him: How is the devil creature of fire, and punish him with God's fire?! He thought of Imam Shafie a bit, then brought a piece of clay is dry, and threw the man, appeared on his face signs of pain and anger. He said to him: Do you Odjatk? Said: Yes, Odjatnafaqal Shafie: How to be a creature of clay and sore mud?! Did not return the man and understand what is meant by Imam Shafi'i, and realized that the devil as well: God created - the Almighty - of fire, and will punish him with fire


Story skeptic

Came a Amoosocn skeptics to the jurist Ibn Aqil, and when he sat down, he told the jurist: I am caught up in the water many times, yet I doubt: Is she purifies herself or not, what do you think of that? Ibn 'Aqeel said: Go, has fallen for you prayers. Marveled man and said to him: How so? Ibn Aqil: The Prophet peace be upon him said: "The Pen is lifted from three: wake up mad, and sleeping until he wakes up, and even a boy." It is repeatedly immersed in water - like you - and suspect you bathed or not, he is undoubtedly crazy


The story of the plague

Out of the faithful Omar ibn al-Khattab, was going to the Levant, with whom he had some companions. On the way learned that the plague has spread in the Levant, and killed many people, he decided to go back, and prevented from him from entering the Levant. Said to him, the great companion Abu Ubaida bin surgeon: Avrara of, God forbid, O Commander of the Believers? replied the faithful: if someone else said it, O Abu Obeida! He added: Yes, a group of as much as God, God forbid; What do you think that you have a camel down a valley has two instances: one fertile (ie, the planting and grass serve as grazing camels), and the other Agdibh (ie, do not plant them, nor serve as grazing camels), if not in the fertile Reit as her flock of God, even in the Reit Alagdibh her flock as God?


The story of the caliph and the judge

Asked one of his successors to bring his jurist Ibn Muawiyah menopause, when he attended the Caliph al-Faqih told him, 'I want you to assume the position of the judiciary. Jurist rejected this position, and said: I am not the fittest of the judiciary. This was a surprise answer to the Caliph, he said to him angrily: You are not telling the truth. Individual jurist immediately: So, I am not ruled on the fittest. The Caliph asked him: How is that? Jurist replied: because I am If I were a liar - as you say - I am not the fittest of the Judiciary, and if you sincerely have I told you I am not the fittest to eliminate


The story of the acquittal

Married woman, and after six months and was born a child, and is well known that women often give birth after nine months or seven months of pregnancy, Clean the people they were not faithful to her husband, and they carried from the other before marrying him. Vokhdhuha to the Caliph to punish her, and the caliph then, Osman bin Affan - may Allah be pleased with him - when he went to him, they found higher Imam is present with him, he said to them: not for you to Taaqboha for this reason. Were amazed and asked him: How so? He said to them: I said to God: (and carry and segregator thirty months) (ie, pregnancy and lactation period thirty months). And the Almighty said: (and mothers breastfeed their children for two full years) (ie that the duration of breastfeeding of two years. So breastfeeding Twenty-four months, and pregnancy could be six months only).


Story of the woman and jurist

I heard a woman that Abdullah ibn Mas'ud - may Allah be pleased with him - curse of the change created by the women, scattered between the teeth of the decoration, and thinning eyebrows. I went to him and asked him about that, he said to her, and I not curse of the curse of the Messenger of Allah peace be upon him, which is in the book of God. The woman said in wonder and amazement: I've read the Quran all, but I did not find anything on that refers to the curse those who do such things. and here appeared the wisdom of jurist who understands his religion a good understanding, he said to the woman, but I read the words of God Almighty: And whatsoever the Messenger gives you, take and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain}?! woman replied, 'Yes, he said to her: So, the Quran forbade him - also -.


The story of right and wrong

Asked one of the people Abdullah bin Abbas - may Allah be pleased with them - he said to him: What you say about singing? Replacement or haraam? Ibn Abbas: I do not say haram except what stated in the book of God that it is haraam. The man said: bring it? Ibn Abbas: I do not say halal except those mentioned in the Book of Allah that old. And considered Ibn Abbas to the man, he saw the his face signs of confusion. said to him: What if right and wrong if they came the Day of Resurrection, where the singing? man said with a falsehood. and here Ibn Abbas said: Go have Avti yourself.


The story of the difficult question

Old man came to the Imam Shafie, asked him: What is the evidence and proof in the religion of God? Shafie said: The Book of God. The Sheikh said, and what - well -? He said: Sunnah of the Messenger of God. Shaikh said: And what - well -? He said the nation agreement. Sheikh said: Where do I deal of the nation? He remained silent Shafei, said Sheikh: Samhlk three days. Imam Shafie went to his house, has been reading and looking at it. Three days later, came to the Board of Sheikh El-Shafei, greeted and sat down. Shafie said to him: I read the Koran every day and night three times, until God guided me to the meaning: It is Yshaqq Prophet after they found him, and follows other than the believers Novh blade and took it in Hell!. It goes against what was agreed upon Muslim scholars is not sound evidence introduced by the fire of God, and an evil destination. The Sheikh said: ratified

Months, a slap in history

Months, a slap in history
This story took place in one of the Middle Ages almost in the sixteenth century ...
And specifically in one of the German villages ...
There was a child alleged (Gauss), and Gauss was a student ... a smart and intelligence of the kind familiar to the extraordinary!! ..
The mathematics teacher whenever he asked a question was Gauss is the race to answer the question
Forbidden to do so of his classmates the opportunity to think in answer,
At times a teacher asked a tough question ... he answered it Gauss quickly ... which angered the teacher !!...
The teacher gave him a math problem ... and he said: Find me the result collection numbers from 1 to 100
Of course, in order to divert attention from the lesson and give way to others ..
After 5 minutes precisely, said Gauss voice edgy: 5050 !!!!!!!!!!!!......
Vsfh teacher !!!!.... on his face and said: Are you kidding ?!!!!.... where your accounts ?!!..
Locksmith Gauss: I discovered that there is a relationship between 1 and 99 and total = 100
And also 98 and 2 equal to 100
And 97 and 3 equal to 100
Thus, 49 to 51
And discovered that I got over 50 pairs of numbers!
And thus draw a general law for this matter,

n (n + 1) / 2
5050 and became a product!!!
Astonished the teacher of this genius did not know that he slapped at the moment
Big World: Carl Friedrich Gauss Carl Friedrich Gauss ... one of the most three mathematicians in history!!

The story of the historical paper

Paper is a thin flat material produced by compressing the cellulose fibers of the vegetables, natural fibers are usually so composed mainly of cellulose, the material is used in those pages of writing and printing and packaging bags and walls of houses and kitchens.

Date of paper
And is credited with the invention of paper material to the Chinese who Ontjoh from the first century AD, and so out of bamboo stalks (bamboo) and hollow rags or fishing nets, hemp and China grass. And is optimized using the bark of the trees, and hemp cloth where these materials knock, after the wash and lose their colors, in the mills, especially even turn into a paste, fresh be added to the amount of water until it becomes like liquid soap, and after that filtered the mixture taken fiber knit the remaining carefully spread over the Flat panel Tgvvh heat of the sun. After drying the paper sheet can refine it later obtained by a mixture of starch, flour and dried again. So get alleged paper unusable.

The development of paper industry
And has been the paper industry in the development and took great importance especially after the invented Gutenberg's first printing press, and began with her interest in the types of securities different, and started modern technology play their role in the industry, that it is now much more than just papers for printing and other packaging, but are there forms and types of Each performs a different role depending on the source of extraction.

There is a paper is taken primarily from the tree needles, which are commonly found in the northern regions of the cold of Europe, there are papers saturation fiber cellulose in order to take the feel of fabric and its luster, or because they give good specifications when printing them, and use of inks occasion, and have come from basic cotton trees and rice, vampire reeds.

Not only the methods and types of paper, but are there other specifications more precise and complex; where we find special devices to measure the gloss surface of the paper, and a device for measuring the strength and durability of pulling the paper used in packaging operations, as well as acidity and alkalinity.

Learn more about the paper
Relatively easy to differentiate between paper and other materials, but it is difficult to identify certain types of paper. For modern printed paper is usually a date of production is the best way to identify the type of paper. However, there are many groups, especially after 1820, when he was tested many of the fibers (the beginning of the grass hay and even allies), and when you use different sets of bleach catalysts and glued paper on the chemical. And lead these groups to recognize the complexity of the paper, so as not to be precise possible only through chemical analysis and analysis of fiber only.

And varies from machine-made paper handmade paper in many respects, but the regularity of fiber is the most striking aspects to consider. In handmade paper, caused inundation areas of mold or su (Japanese) suspended in the liquid component of water and fiber Shake with water and using his candidacy refinery, in which randomly overlapping fiber increases the strength of the paper. In contrast, production of paper is made using a drum machine on permanent rotation, circulation and cause the machine to align the fibers to each other in one direction, making the paper a bit weaker along the fiber direction or machine direction. There is a trend in the fiber of this other paper products, such as cardboard and folders.

Wrinkled paper that can be folded to reverse the fiber is forming folds flat, and the paper you are using a wet adhesive expands more and more to display the direction of fiber expands more than the length. To determine the direction of the fibers in procurement, could be bending the paper in both directions, and will show the direction of fibers less resistance. There is another simple test can be done by tearing the paper in both directions, Vsimzk paper more easily along the direction of the fibers.

Given the alarming rate of damage to the paper talk, been made many efforts to develop chemically stable paper, based on the alkaline species in the fortified base. In recent years, most Western countries focused on the production of alkaline paper. Because paper manufacturing processes that involve the processing of ancient acids cause the pollution of waterways, air and soil, has pushed the government regulations, the paper industry towards a cleaner, more processing and less polluting.

So Many of the paper is produced at present in industrialized countries is acid-free paper, but alkaline. However it is still cheap ground wood paper made for the purpose of printing newspapers and some other uses of non-permanent. And damages the paper quickly, leading to the emergence of problems, "the paper fragile" in the libraries in the world. These problems are acute in developed countries, in particular, where many of the production of paper books, acidic, and the weather is not suitable.

Paper Industry
Attend the paper from the fiber Alsellalosalta found in the walls of all plant cells. When a candidate mixture of water and the Olaovemn through sieve or promiscuous careful interweaving of the fibers with each other made up newspaper thin paper, and when dried thin wet arise chemical bonds between molecules in the cellulose fibers, giving a thin paper strength. Wood is the main source of papermaking fibers and packaging

Cellulose
Of the most organic compounds are widespread in the earth, the walls are cellular in the plant has a role Daami, consists of cellulose molecules of polymer comprising the series is branching consists of condensing molecules of glucose (sugar) that are associated with some links Gluckozsidih, and organized its molecules in the cell wall of plants in the form of fibers parallel sometimes interrelated and sometimes accidental, leading to the creation of support is very strong, protects the plant cell.


Paper Manufacturing Machine
The manufacture of paper automatically cleans the bark of the user using the machine to get rid of dust and foreign materials Oalrmad.
After this cleaning process, the bark is placed in a kettle where a large circular boil bark, and lime under steam pressure for up to several hours.
Lime combines with the fat and other exotic Article in the bark of the soap is soluble, and can be disposed of later this soap, and the lime reduces the dye any color found in the vehicle color.
Then turns to bark machine called Hollander to form a continuum.
And passes the mixture consisting of bark and water between the cylinder and base plate and turns Allha to the fibers, so that absorbs water from the basin, leaving the bark and fibers behind.
And while the flow of a mixture of bark and water on Alholandz, is disposed of dirt and soaked bark gradually decompose completely to a single fiber.
After that is entered in the wet bark Holandz subset of the machine to separate the fiber again.
At this point, add the coloring materials and glue glue and filler materials such as sulphate of lime, so as to increase the size and weight of paper.

Alorkorq types of newspapers
A few light paper durability very short-lived absorption of liquids.
Paper magazine
Which is similar to newsprint, but it is characterized by the Plumaana clear, and make both types of pulp chemical way.
Cardboard
Which is of two types:

Type polygon: It consists of several layers, and is used for the production of packaging.
Type of Ramadi: The dough is made by drying the pulp Almsthaddma especially when furnaces, instead of the drying cylinder, and is used in the binding of various publications. Paperboard
And addresses the pulp used in the manufacture of different chemical materials, and painted with layers of wax is used in food packaging

Hitler was afraid of the dentist and are suffering from bad breath

Hitler was afraid of the dentist and are suffering from bad breath

New research shows that / Adolf Hitler / was suffering from the fear of teeth as a doctor that his teeth were bad and smell the same foul.

The newspaper / Bild am Sonntag / German widespread for dentist (Manafish Dyprim) that I read the medical file of Hitler as saying Hitler had the sensitivity to pain.

And monitored the dentist during the PhD thesis own, which came under the title / dentist Satan / group of speculation about Hitler, she is very likely that Adolf Hitler had a smell the same foul odor as it fed was very bad as it was suffering from problems in the gums and tissues supporting . and the doctor confirmed the validity of documents, a private doctor teeth and General / Hugo Johannes / who for years treated Hitler, and a number of other personalities during that era.

Life story Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein (Albert Einstein) (lived between 14 March 1879 to April 18 (April) 1955). In the world of theoretical physics, was born in Germany, and received a dual Swiss and American, and condemns the Jewish religion. The author of the famous theory of general relativity. In 1921 won the Nobel Prize in physics.

Einstein was born in the German city of Ulm in 1879 and spent years of his youth in Munich. His father was a "Hermann Einstein" works in the sale of feathers used in the manufacture of pillows, and his mother worked "Ni Pauline Koch" with him in the management of a small workshop to manufacture electrical appliances after giving up the profession of selling the feathers. Einstein was delayed until the child's speech three years old, but he showed great passion for nature, and the ability to understand difficult mathematical concepts, have been studied for Euclidean geometry alone. In spite of his membership in the Jewish, Einstein has entered a Catholic middle school and received lessons in playing the violin. At the age of five, his father gave him a compass, and Einstein realized then that there is power in space are influencing the compass needle, and you move.

Interestingly, one of greatest minds of the twentieth century was suffering from difficulty in absorption, perhaps due to the shame of this man in his childhood. Rumour has it that Einstein had failed the child in the math later, however, likely that the amendment in the evaluation of grades students then raised that the child had been delayed and Einstein failed in mathematics. And the adoption of two of uncles Einstein's care and attention to this child support science in general Vzodah books related to science and mathematics.

After repeated losses of the workshop set up by his parents in 1894, his family moved to the city of Milan in Italy, and took advantage of Einstein's son the opportunity to withdraw from school in Munich, which disliked the strict regime stifling, and spirit. Spent after Einstein's years with his parents in the city of Milan to show that he must determine the way in life; finished the high school in the town of Arua Aarua Swiss, and provide after exams Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich Zürich in 1895, and I like Einstein's methods of teaching it, He often cut into his time to study the physics alone, or playing the violin. That passed the exams and graduated in 1900. But the teachers did not Arahoh to enter the university.

Einstein was to have waived his official papers for the German in 1896, making him no identity or affiliation with any particular country! In 1898, Einstein met with "Mylva Maric, Mileva Maric" his colleague on the Serbian school and fall for, and was in the study period, discuss with close friends in the science subjects. After graduating in 1900, Einstein's work substitute teacher, and in the following year, Einstein received the right to Swiss citizenship, and illegal baby girl they call from his girlfriend (to Asearl) in January (January) of 1901.

Daring the world Einstein in his youth prevented him from obtaining suitable employment in the teaching corps, but with the help of the father of a fellow school got a job as examiner (Laboratory) in the Office of the Swiss patent in 1902. Einstein married his girlfriend, "Mylva" in the January 6 (January) 1903 and had a son, said bore the name "Hans" in the 14 of May in 1904. In the meantime, the work of Einstein in the Swiss registry office always, and preparing for the doctoral dissertation in the same period, and managed to get his Ph.D. in 1905 from the University of Zurich, and was the subject of the message is about the dimensions of molecules. In the same year, Einstein wrote 4 articles science without reference to many of the scientific literature or to consult with his fellow academics, and this is the first step of scientific articles of modern physics that we know today.

Einstein studied in the paper first so-called Brownian motion Brownian motion, introduced many of the predictions about the movement of particles randomly distributed in the liquid. Einstein knew "the father of relativity," the theory that shook the world of science, the Nobel Prize was awarded to him in another area (photoelectric effect), which was the subject of the second paper. Amazingly, the four papers by Einstein is addressing the idea of ​​theoretical physics and match them with the logical consequences of that idea and experimental findings and theory, which dazzles scientists baffled at the time.

Einstein's scientific paper was about the third "special theory of relativity." Grabbed a paper, time, place, and mass and energy. And contributed to Einstein's theory by removing the uncertainty caused by a famous experiment conducted by two U.S. physicist "Albert Michelson and chemist Edward Morley," the late nineteenth century in 1887, has proved Einstein that light waves can be spread in the open without the need for a central or field, unlike the waves Other well-known that need to be the center of the spread such as air or water! And that the speed of light is constant speed and not with the relative movement of the observer (observed). It should be noted that Einstein's theory that contrasted completely with the conclusions of the "Isaac Newton". Stunned the world of special relativity Einstein's theory of absolute truth, because of time and space and dimensions are rejected. Revocation came to be called the theory to distinguish between them and the subsequent Einstein's theory of relativity, which was named General.

Mid-life
In 1906 Einstein elevated the career ladder to the rank of technical examiner second class, and in 1908, granting leave to give classes and lectures, "Berne" in Switzerland. The baby was born the second of Einstein, who was named "Edward" on 28 July 1910, and divorced Einstein after his wife Mylva on 14 February 1919 and later married the daughter of his uncle, "Elsa Lowenthal," which older than three years on 2 June 1919.

One does not know until this time nothing about the fate of Einstein's first child from his wife of illegal Mylva; as some believe she died in infancy, and others believe that they had given her parents and those who do not have children for adoption. As for the children of Einstein, one of whom has schizophrenia and died later in a mental clinic, who took treatment and care. The second son, moved to California to live in America and then became a professor (Dr.) at the university, and his contacts were with his father is very limited.

In 1914 and before World War I, Einstein settled in the city, "Berlin", Germany. It was not Einstein advocates of the war, but he was a Jew, causing a sense of national Germans upset about this man, and the upsurge of this resentment to Einstein by the national German when Einstein became known worldwide after it emerged magazine the "Time" of America in the November 7 (November) 1919 with an article confirming the validity of Einstein's theory of gravity.

Subsequent years
The arrival of the leader Adolf Hitler to power in 1933 the growing hatred towards Einstein Vathmh National Socialists (Nazis) established a "Jewish physics", as some scientists have tried Germans to undermine the rights of Einstein in his theories which led Einstein to escape to the United States of America, which awarded him in turn to establish permanent, and engaged in "Advanced Studies Institute" at the University of Princeton in New Jersey. In 1940, Einstein became a U.S. citizen while retaining the Swiss nationality.

Recent years
Offered to the Israeli government to Einstein's head of state in 1952, but Einstein rejected the Israeli offer. In 1955, died in Einstein without finding a solution to the Theory of Gravitation, and burning his body in the city, "Trenton" in the state of "New Jersey" on April 18 ( April) 1955, and scattering the ashes of the body in an undisclosed location, and save the world, Einstein's brain in a jar at the coroner "Thomas Harvey", who performed the autopsy on his body after his death.

Beliefs
Einstein was thought to "the God who in tune with all that exists in the universe is not God who intervenes in human behavior and Bokdar!" In a direct question from the nearest to the religious beliefs, he replied Einstein as "Buddhism." Albert Einstein was Jewish religion and doctrine among those who escaped and fled from the Holocaust by the Nazi Abad thousands

Selections from the words of Einstein
Two things hunters who have no limits, the universe and human stupidity, and I'm not sure about the universe.
The most important thing is to not stop questioning.
Is the most beautiful sense of mystery, it is the source of art and science.
All that is great and inspiring man made work freely.
Should not the fact the theory, not fact.
Insanity is to do the thing again and again and expecting a different result.
The truth is proof before the exam experience.
Any fool can make things look bigger and more complicated, but you need to brave a genius to make it look otherwise.
Imagination is more important than knowledge.
The truth is only an illusion, but they are fixed.
Human life begins, when it can out of life itself.
I do not think about the future, it comes quickly.
Of not mistaken, did not try something new.
Science is wonderful, if you were not living by it.
The secret to creativity is knowing how to hide your sources.
Science is not only to rearrange your mind daily.
We can not solve the problem using the same mindset that created them.
Culture is what remains after that forget what you learned in school.
Equations the most important for me, the policy of the present and the equation of eternity.
If A = success. The a = b + c + y. Where B = work. C = play. Y = keep your mouth closed.
The closer the laws of reality are not fixed, and the closer of stability has become unrealistic.
I do not know the weapon that will use rights in the third world war, but I know that he would use the stick and stone in World War IV.
The most precious thing in the world is a brilliant idea or intuition.
The only thing that let him intervene in a scientific and my research is my culture and my information private.
Science without science is lame, religion without science is blind.
I'm not talented, I'm curious.
If I lived again to choose to be Moasergee.
Between past, present and future, there is no illusion in the thinking of the human mind .. if you have noticed that - sad times we feel it's long days, while experiencing the joy Kadakkikh - these are relative.
Better bad habit of silent virtue Mtcabrh.
Intuitive mind is a sacred gift, and the mind is a reasonable server fruitful .. Achtlguena have a society that respects the server and forget the gift of the Holy.
All religions, arts and sciences spin on the same tree.
The relative teaches ligament or the relationship between the different descriptions of a thing with the truth itself.

Mahatma Gandhi .. An advocate of nonviolence, spiritual leader of India

Mahatma Gandhi .. An advocate of nonviolence, spiritual leader of India
Mahatma Gandhi gave the Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi, his life to spread the policy of peaceful resistance or non-violence and continued for more than fifty years of promises, and in years of his life last increased interest in defending the rights of the Muslim minority and suffered for the separation of Pakistan and sorrow for the violence in Kashmir and called on Hindus to respect the rights of Muslims which raised the ire of some Mtasbém fatal bullets fired by one of them fatally.
Birth and upbringing
Born Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, known as "Mahatma" (ie, the Great Soul or Saint) in the second of October / November 1869 in Port of Bandar province of Gujarat, India from a conservative family with a long tradition in politics, where he served his grandfather and later his father was prime minister Emirate of Port Bandar, as was the family's famous business projects. He spent a normal childhood and then married a thirteen-year-old Indian tradition, according to local and livelihood of the four children of his marriage.
Study
Gandhi traveled to Britain in 1888 to study law, and in 1891 he returned to India after which he received a BS degree conferred upon him the exercise of the legal profession.
Intellectual affiliation
The foundations of Gandhi is known to the world of politics to "peaceful resistance" or the philosophy of nonviolence (Alsatyaraha), a set of principles founded on religious, political and economic at the same summary of courage, truth and nonviolence, and aims to defeat the occupier, through full awareness and deep imminent danger and configure force capable of confronting this threat to non-violence to violence first and then if there is no other option.
Nonviolence is not a deficit
Gandhi explained that nonviolence is not a deficit or a weakness, because "to refrain from punishing is not forgiveness only when the ability to punish really existent," It does not also mean not to resort to violence at all, "I may resort to violence a thousand times if the alternative castration of the entire human race. " The aim of the policy of non-violence in Gandhi's opinion is to highlight the injustice of the occupation on the one hand and turn public opinion on this injustice on the other hand as a prelude to eliminate it totally or at least confined and prevent outbreaks.
Non-violent methods
Policy of non-violence and take several methods to achieve the purposes of fasting and boycotts and sit-ins and civil disobedience and accept the sentence and not the fear that these methods lead to the end to the death.
Conditions for the success of non-violence
Gandhi is required for the success of this policy discount Enjoy the rest of the conscience and the freedom of finally being able to open substantive dialogue with the other party.
Gandhi wrote in the affected
Gandhi was influenced by a number of books have had a major role in shaping his philosophy and his political positions, including "pay tribute to Blessed," a Hindu epic poem written in the third century BC and considered Gandhi his dictionary as a spiritual and a basic reference of it inspired by his ideas. Add to the "Sermon on the Mount" in the Bible, the book "until the Last Man," the philosopher of Englishman John Ruskin, who glorified the team spirit and work in all its forms, and the Book of Russian writer Tolstoy's "salvation in yourselves," which Zadeh conviction to fight Christian missionaries, and finally the book the American poet Henry David Toro "civil disobedience". It also seems influenced by Gandhi Balbrihamanah which is a daily practice and aims to make permanent control of all human senses and desires by asceticism and through food, dress, fasting and purification, prayer and reverence and silence on Monday of each week .. Through this practice, reach the same rights to free before the other is editing.
His life in South Africa
Search Gandhi for an appropriate job in India is practiced for its way of specialization and maintains at the same time the conservative principles he was taught, but was unsuccessful so he decided to accept the offer of work comes from a law firm in the "Natal", South Africa, and traveled already there in 1893 and was his intention stay for only one year but the situation of the Indian community there made him amends for the duration of survival and continued in that African country 22 years.
His achievements there
South Africa was a British colony like India and by many of the Indian workers who Gandhi decided to defend their rights before the British companies that they were working. The period spent in South Africa (1893 - 1915) of the most important stages of intellectual development and political as it provided an opportunity to deepen their knowledge and cultures and learn about the different religions and beliefs, and tested the approach in political action has proven effective against British colonialism. And influenced by the scenes of racial discrimination which was followed by whites against Africans or the owners of the country's indigenous groups against the other colored living there. One of the fruits of his efforts at that time:

Restore confidence to the people of the Indian immigrant community and rid them of fear and a lack of moral and raise their level.
The establishment of the newspaper "Indian Opinion" that he called across to the philosophy of nonviolence.
Party was established "for the Natal Indian Congress," through which to defend the rights of Indian workers.
Fight a law that had deprived the Indians of the right to vote.
Changing what was known as "Decree Asian" which forces the Indians to register themselves in the records private.
Dissuade the British government for its intention to determine the Indian immigration to South Africa.
Abolition of the law against non-Christian marriages.

Back to India
Gandhi returned from South Africa to India in 1915, and within a few years of work has become the national leader of the most popular. He focused his year on the struggle against social injustice on the one hand and against colonialism, on the other, and particularly interested in the problems of workers, peasants and outcasts and considered the latter category, which he called "sons of God" is an affront to India and unworthy nation seeks to achieve freedom and independence and liberation from injustice.
Fasting to death
Gandhi decided in 1932 to start fasting to death in protest against the bill enshrines discrimination against untouchables in the Indian elections, leading politicians and religious leaders to negotiate and reach a "Convention Bona," which ruled to increase the number of Representatives, "untouchables" and the abolition of the electoral system of discrimination.
Stances of the British occupation
Characterized by the positions of Gandhi, of the British occupation of the Indian subcontinent is predominantly solid initial does not eliminate the sometimes tactical flexibility, and caused him moving between national positions hardened and adjustments interim truce embarrassment with his opponents and his supporters arrived sometimes to the point of treason and to challenge the credibility of the national struggle by the opponents of his style, For For example, cooperation Gandhi with Britain in the First World War against the Axis powers and participated in 1918 at the request of the British Governor in India Conference Delhi, military, and then go to the opposition of direct British policy between 1918 and 1922 and a student during that period, full independence for India. In 1922 he led the movement of civil disobedience has stepped up public anger, which reached in some cases to a clash between fans and security forces and the British police which led him to stop this movement, though he was sentenced by the British authorities was sentenced to six years and then returned and released him in 1924.
Salt march
Challenged Gandhi British laws which restrict the extraction of salt, the British authorities which sign these authorities in a quandary, and he led the march of a popular route to the sea to extract salt from there, and in 1931 ended the rebellion after the parties to reach a compromise and signed a "Treaty of Delhi."
Resign from the Congress Party
Gandhi decided in 1934 to resign from the Congress Party and was devoted to the economic problems that were experienced by rural India, in 1937, encouraged the party to participate in the elections, saying that the Constitution in 1935 and is a sufficient guarantee a minimum level of credibility and impartiality.
In 1940 he returned to the disobedience campaigns once again fired a new campaign to protest the declaration of British India is a fight against the armies of the Axis without gaining independence, and continued disobedience, even in 1941 Britain which is busy with World War II and is interested in restoration of conditions of India to have help in the war effort . And about the danger of Japan imminent British government has tried to reconcile with the independence movement of India sent in 1942 mission known as the "mission Cripps," but failed in its bid, and the impact of prior Gandhi in 1943 for the first time the idea of ​​entering India in the war against the Axis Powers in the hope of gain independence after that, and he addressed the British famously "Let India and you are the masters," but this speech did not like the British authorities then launched a campaign of arrests and practiced all kinds of violent repression was Gandhi himself from his victims, where he was held behind the bars of the prison and only released him in 1944.
Sadness over the partition of India
The end of 1944 and early 1945, India approached independence, and increased the fears of secessionist calls designed to be divided into two states, between Muslims and Hindus, Gandhi tried to persuade Mohammed Ali Jinnah, who was at the head of the advocates of this separation to reverse its direction but failed.
This has already been on August 16 / August 1947, and announced that the division of India has so dominated the religious unrest across India, reached an end of violence exceeded all expectations fell in Calcutta alone, for example, more than five thousand people. Has suffered Gandhi to these events and considered a national disaster, and increased the pain of escalating tension between India and Pakistan over Kashmir, and numerous deaths in the armed clashes that broke out between them in 1947/1948 and taking calls for a restoration of national unity between the Indian and Muslim students in particular, of the majority Hindu respect the rights of the Muslim minority.
And death
Has not lived up calls Gandhi of the majority Hindu respect the rights of the Muslim minority, and considered some of the categories Hindu fanatic treason so I decided to get rid of it, and already in the January 30, 1948 was a Hindu fanatics three bullets fatally fell to the impact of Mahatma Gandhi bits by the age of Enahr 79 years