Fairmont Hotels & Resorts Cairo: the nobility of hospitality mixed with stylish design

Fairmont Hotels & Resorts Cairo: the nobility of hospitality mixed with stylish design

The lobby of the Fairmont Nile City

Cairo - Saud Al-Fadhli
Through more than 60 hotels, including Alostorian Fairmont Hotel San Francisco and the Fairmont Peace Hotel Shanghai, famous for Fairmont Hotels and Resorts in the world in the field of hospitality industry leaders as one of sustainable hotel management.
Cairo is one of the three Arab stations, which landed «Vermont» the sail, which includes Dubai and Saudi Arabia, where she works to manage the two hotels, two large five-star in the Egyptian capital, are the «Fairmont Nile City», and «Fairmont Towers Heliopolis End».
Fairmont Nile City
Perhaps the site Fairmont Nile City unique medium Nile City Towers, the giant on the banks of the Nile, makes an imposing edifice of the sparkling star in the sky of Cairo occupies a unique position in the world of Egyptian hospitality.
This project is a joint venture between Nile City Investments (the CIA) Nile City Investments Company and Fairmont Hotels and Resorts (F-H-R) Fairmont Hotels & Resorts.
And enjoy the Fairmont Nile City, which consists of 566 rooms, breathtaking natural scenery and modern design modern and unique location on the bank of the river immortal, which draws attention to him as one of the finest buildings of Cairo. The extensive experience of the HP A / Hirsch Baydemir Associates HBA / Hirsch Bedner Associates, the global leader in the field of interior design projects, hotel, makes the hotel a milestone because of its special character that combines the nobility of hospitality, elegance and modern design in the same time.
See Vice President and General Manager of the Fairmont Nile City Frank Nabulsi that there is a real difference between the Fairmont Nile City and other hotels in Egypt, through careful to provide the highest level of quality, and achieve a kind of exclusivity, which aims in particular to meet all the needs and expectations of guests guests of the hotel and seeking luxury and enjoy ».
He Nabulsi to a great interest in Gulf market and the promotion of the hotel in the GCC, indicating that although there are significant challenges in front of the hotel in its first year, the resolve and determination in matters of work confirming the walk in the right way to make the Fairmont Nile City, one of the landmarks and distinctive to Cairo.
Acknowledges Nabulsi rooted Lebanese winning many awards and honors the presence of real competition in the Egyptian tourism market, but it shows absolute confidence that the Fairmont Nile City is a different reality in this market, the level of services provided by one hand and the distinctive quality of the other. With Nabulsi expressed satisfaction with the growth achieved by the hotel in its first year, he pointed to a progressive strategy for the development and attract customers, especially in light of expectations that the coming years will see an increase of the number of tourists in Egypt, from 16 million to 20 million tourists.
Reviewed Nabulsi services and features offered by the Fairmont Nile City guests, indicating that the hotel attracts guests from all nationalities, Arab and foreign, including nationals of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates and Oman, referring to the special offers provided by the Fairmont Nile City, guests of them, especially in the summer and another in holy month of Ramadan, as well as other seasonal offers that will continue throughout the year at prices competitive compared to distinctive services that benefit from them.
Featured Restaurants
On the other hand, was successful chefs skilled located in the Fairmont Nile City in the preparation of a list of a variety of delicious foods that characterize the restaurants unique, it's dishes, food, Vietnamese, French, served in the restaurant «Saigon Bleu» Saigon Bleu, in addition to a number of cuisines American popular served in the restaurant «Grill Napa» Napa Grill.
The hotel bar is located on Champagne Bar jazz live Tazvha international teams such as the Indaba in South Africa, in addition to the bar to provide seafood for sashimi, such as lobster and caviar. For smokers, the bar has a luxurious types of cigars, as well as huge reservoirs to save the cigars your permanent customer.
And will soon be opening Bar Kaya, which is located on the roof of the hotel, where you can enjoy a view of the Nile, beauty and listen to music while providing the best dishes from the kitchens of various global.
The hotel rooms allocated for internal meetings and celebrations of an area of ​​845 square meters, and outdoor living space of 450 square meters and all rooms have natural lighting, as well as enjoying spectacular views of the River Nile and the pyramids of the three that appear in sight.
End Towers Heliopolis
And 5 minutes drive from the airport, located Fairmont Towers Heliopolis Land, which includes 835 of the rooms and luxury suites, which provide the finest equipment and services to a high level. Hotel owned by Gulf Egypt for Hotels and Tourism, one of the companies that fall under the umbrella of the Kuwait Projects Company Holding «KEPCO».
The hotel's general manager Christophe Janstr the ideal location for a hotel near the Cairo International Airport, making it a choice popular for visitors of Egypt, in addition to the distinguished services of high standards of quality, as well as the diversity of large quantity in the hotel, which includes 15 restaurants, 4 swimming pools, in addition to sports programs and entertainment and music.
He adds that the Fairmont Towers Heliopolis Land became after about 3 years of its opening on top of the pyramid tourism hotel in Egypt thanks to the many advantages it offers to its guests and well-being provided by high-rooms and services.
Shows Janstr that the hotel hosts throughout the year, conferences and various meetings, ranging from politics, economy, social events and art, for example, hosted by former British Prime Minister Tony Blair and Lebanese Prime Minister Hariri, adding that the features of the many offered by the hotel makes it very difficult to compare welfare when to other hotels of Cairo.
And confirms that the sales and marketing team at the hotel is very interested in promoting the hotel in the Gulf states, including Kuwait, which has had a special delegation to view the hotel services and features, pointing to offering programs that focus on the weekend beginning on Thursday evening to Saturday evening to suit the holiday official in Kuwait and other from the surrounding countries.
Janstr and adds that the hotel offers facilities is limited to guests, and make them take advantage of all existing facilities of the swimming pools, a spa and a technology center and others, and that in the quest to transform the hospitality of the hotel to establish the ownership of high-level guests.
Restaurants, cafes and meeting rooms
Lift «Fairmont Towers» logo and the latest most luxurious hotels in the Cairo suburb of Heliopolis and consists of 247 rooms including 11 suites, distinctive, and is designed to combine the modern and contemporary technology while highlighting the Greek civilizations, Pharaonic and Asian. In the middle of the lobby is Café Heliopolis, which offers guests a unique choice of ice cream, juices, Albanina, restaurant Aqua E. Luce first of its kind in Cairo, where contemporary Italian cuisine with some French touches charming.
Pizza bar and takes guests back in time external to the happy memories of their childhood and youth and the list of delicious food provided by the authorities and the Variety of pizza, the restaurant Fuse provides cooked food on the way European and snacks.
The hotel guests can enjoy delicious appetizers Lebanese hot and cold with a great variety of meats grilled meat restaurant in the Lebanese Dabke.
Omacaat three meetings on the mezzanine floor Vtm called the names of stones of the ancient Egyptians precious: Amber and Turquoise, and Onyx, a room smart fully equipped built on an area of ​​4500 square meters, to embrace all kinds of events easily and provide the latest tools and capabilities, in an atmosphere appropriate and the center of personal service unique. Business center is located on the same floor and has its own room facilities and the main ballroom. In the lower mezzanine floor there are two meeting rooms - Coral and Granite - and the main meeting room (Canyon) as well as to the existence of Baran. This floor is equipped with a huge elevator that can accommodate a car ride, which makes the Fairmont Towers Heliopolis ideal place for concerts launch of new car models.
We have designed these halls on an area of ​​more than 4500 square meters to embrace all kinds of events easily and provide the latest tools and capabilities. All this in an unforgettable atmosphere and unique personal service.
Accommodate each of the dormitory room and Turquoise and Onyx for between 28 to 119 people the Granite Hall Vttsa to between 28 and 95 people. If you are planning on the occasion of a huge bubble Canyon is the right place, with a capacity to between 1272 and 2152 individuals.
Advertising campaign in the Kuwaiti media
The director of sales in the Gulf region for Fairmont Heliopolis End Towers Ahmed Fouad that the policy of the hotel marketing is based on the promotion of services that distinguish the hotel from other hotels in Cairo, adding that there is special attention to clients of the hotel from the Gulf states, and special offers for guests of the State of Kuwait, in coordination with companies, tourist offices and travel in Kuwait.
He pointed to a study carried out by the hotel management to launch a massive advertising campaign in the media especially the print of Kuwait to the definition of the hotel are the largest, indicating the pursuit of the hotel to prove that he is ranked first among his counterparts from the hotels in the Egyptian capital.
He noted that most of the busiest months of the year witnessed a large hotel rooms for both the first months or in the summer, which records a large turnout of citizens of the Gulf, pointing out that the months of October and November have seen the last two full occupancy rates for all rooms and suites.
To open next year

The largest hotel in the world

The largest hotel in the world
Sits Hotel Izmailovo Hotel, located in the Russian capital Moscow on the list of the largest hotels in the world in terms of the number of hotel rooms the number of 7500 hotel rooms

The hotel is a four buildings containing these buildings to the largest hotel rooms in the world in terms of number of units and the hotel in Moscow, address 105187, Moscow, Izmailovsky highway, 71

The hotel consists of four buildings is composed of 30-storey hotel was opened in 1979
Really say that when you see a very large
It is the largest hotel in the world
I advise you to visit

Zamzam Tower Hotel Mecca

Zamzam Tower Hotel Mecca
Zamzam Tower is one of the towers Towers House, which consists of five towers.
Zamzam Tower is located in the place was occupied by the famous castle Ajyad and views directly overlooking the Haram al-Sharif.
Has laid the foundation for this pilot project on behalf of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, His Royal Highness Prince Abdullah bin Abdulaziz, in the 28/11/2002, to announce the beginning of work on this project which is expected to be completed in 2006, God willing.
The project built on a plot of land owned by the King Abdulaziz Endowment for the service of the Two Holy Mosques, which is the first of kind in Mecca, according to the system construction, operation and delivery and internationally well-known term of the BOT and the use of 24-year Hijri. The company has invested enterprises for real estate projects within the Zamzam Tower project in question and that an area of ​​91.226 square meters, consists of leased space Zamzam Tower 31 floors and include 1,240 suites.

Bajuk Sky Hotel

Bajuk Sky Hotel
The Tower Hotel, Bajuk Sky in the Thai capital of Bangkok's tallest building in Thailand and the tallest hotel in Southeast Asia, and reaches an elevation of the hotel 304 meters (997 feet) together antenna 238 meters (1076 feet) and consists of 85 bungalows together east of the public in the floor 77 and the hotel provides 673 hotel rooms

Was the completion of the construction of the tower in 1997, the longest tower in Thailand is expected to occupy the first place a new tower that is being constructed now in the city of Pattaya coastal and expected to be completed in 2012, and will be an overall length of 367 meters, and so would be the tallest building in Thailand and the longest residential building in the world

New World Trade Tower

New World Trade Tower
Is the skyscraper that will become part of the World Trade Center in New York, which was destroyed in the attacks of September 11, 2001 and will be built along 352 meters (1155 feet)

Design of the building is built like a little John Hancock Center in Chicago and Shtoa offices and shops is scheduled to be completed in 2014 and upon completion of constructive Ssubh the fourth tallest building in New York City will cost to approximately $ 2.75 billion

And will be the allocation of 242 000 square meters in the tower, about 60 storeys of offices and in the top of the tower Stantsb spire rises to a height of symbolic parallels the height of the Statue of Liberty and said architect David Childs, who helped design the tower that the team architect for simplicity and purity in the form of the tower is indicated on the "strength and spirit" of American democracy and at the same time tower will be a monument to the most of 2752 people were killed in the attacks of September 11, 2001 in the attack on the twin towers of World Trade Center and introduced improvements on the design of the skyscraper, including providing them with ladders coated with cement and Filters biological and chemical in the air system to make it more secure buildings of the world according to Childs, and build the Freedom Tower will take ten years and will cost $ 12 billion and will be laying the foundation stone before the third anniversary of the attacks in September 2004 and these photos of Freedom Tower

Petronas twin towers

Petronas twin towers
  Lighthouse in the Malaysian Brkimber vatrons located in Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia, the land area is 341.760 square meters.

The Petronas Twin Towers, (or the Petronas Towers), also known as Menara Petronas proportion to the name of the oil company that requested a building the twin towers, who constitute one of the largest engineering and impressed in the world.

Horizontal projection of each tower is designed according to the geometric pattern toddler in Islamic architecture. It consists of the square (symbol of the physical world) are intertwined star recorded in the circle (symbol of the spread of Islamic religion). This code is much used in engineering drawing, which carries the meaning of Islamic unity, harmony, stability and rationality. Exterior design refers to the civilization of that country, and include features of traditional melodies of the Malaysian official buildings

Atlantis Hotel Dubai

Atlantis Hotel Dubai
  Atlantis Dubai is a huge tourist hotel complex is located in Dubai, opened in a huge and impressive ceremony at a cost of U.S. $ 20 million at November 20, 2008 [1], a project of the South African businessman Sol Cairns. The hotel is located on the Palm Jumeirah at the checkpoint north of the island. Can be reached through a tunnel under the water on the railway line. Costs of up to 1.200 million.

The hotel is a form of online bridge towers, the hotel has room to 1.539, the most expensive suite by the dining table with 18 seats, located above the central arch of the building cost approximately $ 25,000 per day. Most restaurants with Michelin stars. Also includes a water basin and a variety of other recreational facilities, guests can swim with trained dolphins. Treasures, debris and other things (artificial) belonging to the legendary sunken continent of Atlantis can be seen from under the water through the roads and yards, behind the glass, which is a for tunnels and underground passages.

The Blue Suitcase by Marianne Wheelaghan

A poignant story of a German family's struggles during the Nazi reign

Back Cover:

It is 1932, Silesia, Germany, and the eve of Antonia's 12th birthday. Hitler's Brownshirts and Red Front Marxists are fighting each other in the streets. Antonia doesn't care about the political unrest but it's all her family argue about. Then Hitler is made Chancellor and order is restored across the country, but not in Antonia's family. The longer the National Socialists stay in power, the more divided the family becomes with devastating consequences. Unpleasant truths are revealed and terrible lies uncovered. Antonia thinks life can't get much worse - and then it does. Partly based on a true-life story, Antonia's gripping diary takes the reader inside the head of an ordinary teenage girl growing up. Her journey into adulthood, however, is anything but ordinary.

It was with great pleasure that I read this World War II Nazi Germany story told through the eyes of a young German girl. The Blue Suitcase opens in 1932 Silesia, Germany. Antonia Nasiski is twelve years old. The political upheaval in her country slowly infiltrates her family, tearing them apart bit by bit as they each face horrific struggles.

It is a poignant coming-of-age story that tugs at the reader’s heartstrings. The easy, simplistic style transcends age restrictions and is appropriate for young adults as well as adults. What makes this novel so important is that it gives readers a point of view rarely shared – that of the suffering of the common German people.

The novel is a compelling read, unique, and one that will definitely shock. It is a portrayal of the resilience of the human spirit. An excellent depiction of a lesser know point of view.

Stories in history

Stories in history
Strange story of the boat
A challenge atheists - who do not believe in God - Muslim scholars in a country, they chose brightest to reply to him, and set a date. At the time everyone awaited the arrival of the world, but were delayed. He said an atheist of the present: I have escaped your world and he is afraid, because he knew I Santsr him, and proved to you that the universe is not a god! During his talk was attended by the Muslim world and apologized for the delay, it was said, and I'm on the way to here, I did not find a boat to express by the river, and waited on the the beach, suddenly appeared in the river slabs of wood, and gathered together quickly and the system to become a boat, the boat then approached me, and I came to you Frckpth. He said an atheist: This man is crazy, how Etjmah wood and becomes a boat without make it one, and how it moves without the presence of the driven?! Smiled the world, and said: What do you say about yourself and you say that this great universe, great without God?!


The story of one dirham

It is said that a woman came to the one scholars, she said to him: I have brother died, leaving six hundred dirhams, and when he divided the money did not give me only one dirham! Thought Faqih moments, then said to her, perhaps, your brother's wife, mother and two daughters and twelve brothers. Vtjpt women, and said: Yes, it is as well. He said: This is the dirham your right, and they did not Azlmuk: Vlzojth for what to leave, which is equal to (75 dirhams), and two daughters, two-thirds, which is equal to (400 AED), and his mother's sixth amount, which is equal to ( AED 100), and the remainder (25 dirhams) is distributed to twelve brothers and sister, and takes twice as much as men take women, for every brother Darhaman, leaving his sister - which is you - and one AED.


Story of wasted money

It is said that a man came to Imam Abu Hanifa night, and said to him: O Imam! Long-buried money somewhere, but I forgot this place, will help me in solving this problem? Imam said to him: This is not the work of the jurist; until you find a solution. Vkrlhzh then said to him: Go, so that the separation of the morning, you will be remembered that the place of money, God willing. The man went, and prayed. Suddenly, after a short time, and during the prayer, remember where you buried the money in it, ran and went to him and brought him. In the morning the man came to Imam Abu Hanifa, and told him that he found the money, and thanked him, then asked him: How did you know that I will remember the place of money?! Imam said: for I knew that the devil will not let you pray, and remember Sischglk money for your prayers.


The story of the wise women

Rose Omar - may Allah be pleased with him - one day pulpit, and addressed the people and asked them not to Agallowa in the women's dowries, because the Messenger of Allah peace be upon him and his companions did not increase in women's dowries for four hundred dirhams? So ordered them not to increase in the dowry of women at four hundred dirhams. When he came down the faithful from the pulpit, said to him, a woman from the Quraish, O Commander of the Faithful, have forbidden people to increase women in Sedkathen four hundred dirhams? He said: Yes. She said: As I heard the words of God: And you come to one of them quintals} (Kuntar: a lot of money). He said: Oh God, forgiveness, all the people knowledgeable of the age. Then he came back he went up the platform, and said: O people, I forbid you to Tzdwa in the women's dowries, it is willing to give of his money let him do what I love


The story of the Caliph al-Hakim

Omar bin Abdul Aziz - may Allah be pleased with him - known for his wisdom and kindness, and in one day, he entered upon one of his sons, and said to him: O my father! Why compromise on some things?! I swear if I where you are afraid of the right one. Said the Caliph to his son: Do not rush, my son;, God condemns alcohol in the Koran twice, and the campus in the third time, and I am afraid that I get people on the right inter Vidfoh (ie, I am afraid that forced it once Verwdoh ) shall be sedition. He turned to the son after he satisfied believed in the good policy of his father, and learned that according to his father is not out of weakness, but as a result of good understanding of his religion.


The story of the fig leaf

One day came some people to Imam Shafi'i, and asked him to mention that to them evidence of the existence of God Almighty. He thought for a moment, then said to them: The directory is a fig leaf. Marveled people of this answer, and wondered: How to be a fig leaf proof of the existence of God? ! Said Imam Shafie: "fig leaf taste one; but if you eat silkworms out silk, and if eating the bees out honey, and if eaten antelope out musk a fragrance .. it is that united the parent and the number of exits?!". It is God - the Almighty - Great Creator of the universe!


Story sneezes Sahi

Abdullah bin Mubarak worshipers diligent, and scholars the Qur'an and Sunnah, to attend his council of many people; to learn from his knowledge of heavy. One day, he was walking with a man in the road, Ftts man, but he did not praise God. Looked at him I Alambok, to draw the view that Hamad Allah after sneezing years on every Muslim to keep them, but the man did not notice. He wanted I'm blessed that it worked this year without that embarrasses him, asked him: anything he says sneezes if he sneezes? Man said: Praise God! then said to him, Son of the Blessed: God bless you


Story of the man polemicist

One day, he went a polemicists to Imam Shafi'i, and said to him: How is the devil creature of fire, and punish him with God's fire?! He thought of Imam Shafie a bit, then brought a piece of clay is dry, and threw the man, appeared on his face signs of pain and anger. He said to him: Do you Odjatk? Said: Yes, Odjatnafaqal Shafie: How to be a creature of clay and sore mud?! Did not return the man and understand what is meant by Imam Shafi'i, and realized that the devil as well: God created - the Almighty - of fire, and will punish him with fire


Story skeptic

Came a Amoosocn skeptics to the jurist Ibn Aqil, and when he sat down, he told the jurist: I am caught up in the water many times, yet I doubt: Is she purifies herself or not, what do you think of that? Ibn 'Aqeel said: Go, has fallen for you prayers. Marveled man and said to him: How so? Ibn Aqil: The Prophet peace be upon him said: "The Pen is lifted from three: wake up mad, and sleeping until he wakes up, and even a boy." It is repeatedly immersed in water - like you - and suspect you bathed or not, he is undoubtedly crazy


The story of the plague

Out of the faithful Omar ibn al-Khattab, was going to the Levant, with whom he had some companions. On the way learned that the plague has spread in the Levant, and killed many people, he decided to go back, and prevented from him from entering the Levant. Said to him, the great companion Abu Ubaida bin surgeon: Avrara of, God forbid, O Commander of the Believers? replied the faithful: if someone else said it, O Abu Obeida! He added: Yes, a group of as much as God, God forbid; What do you think that you have a camel down a valley has two instances: one fertile (ie, the planting and grass serve as grazing camels), and the other Agdibh (ie, do not plant them, nor serve as grazing camels), if not in the fertile Reit as her flock of God, even in the Reit Alagdibh her flock as God?


The story of the caliph and the judge

Asked one of his successors to bring his jurist Ibn Muawiyah menopause, when he attended the Caliph al-Faqih told him, 'I want you to assume the position of the judiciary. Jurist rejected this position, and said: I am not the fittest of the judiciary. This was a surprise answer to the Caliph, he said to him angrily: You are not telling the truth. Individual jurist immediately: So, I am not ruled on the fittest. The Caliph asked him: How is that? Jurist replied: because I am If I were a liar - as you say - I am not the fittest of the Judiciary, and if you sincerely have I told you I am not the fittest to eliminate


The story of the acquittal

Married woman, and after six months and was born a child, and is well known that women often give birth after nine months or seven months of pregnancy, Clean the people they were not faithful to her husband, and they carried from the other before marrying him. Vokhdhuha to the Caliph to punish her, and the caliph then, Osman bin Affan - may Allah be pleased with him - when he went to him, they found higher Imam is present with him, he said to them: not for you to Taaqboha for this reason. Were amazed and asked him: How so? He said to them: I said to God: (and carry and segregator thirty months) (ie, pregnancy and lactation period thirty months). And the Almighty said: (and mothers breastfeed their children for two full years) (ie that the duration of breastfeeding of two years. So breastfeeding Twenty-four months, and pregnancy could be six months only).


Story of the woman and jurist

I heard a woman that Abdullah ibn Mas'ud - may Allah be pleased with him - curse of the change created by the women, scattered between the teeth of the decoration, and thinning eyebrows. I went to him and asked him about that, he said to her, and I not curse of the curse of the Messenger of Allah peace be upon him, which is in the book of God. The woman said in wonder and amazement: I've read the Quran all, but I did not find anything on that refers to the curse those who do such things. and here appeared the wisdom of jurist who understands his religion a good understanding, he said to the woman, but I read the words of God Almighty: And whatsoever the Messenger gives you, take and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain}?! woman replied, 'Yes, he said to her: So, the Quran forbade him - also -.


The story of right and wrong

Asked one of the people Abdullah bin Abbas - may Allah be pleased with them - he said to him: What you say about singing? Replacement or haraam? Ibn Abbas: I do not say haram except what stated in the book of God that it is haraam. The man said: bring it? Ibn Abbas: I do not say halal except those mentioned in the Book of Allah that old. And considered Ibn Abbas to the man, he saw the his face signs of confusion. said to him: What if right and wrong if they came the Day of Resurrection, where the singing? man said with a falsehood. and here Ibn Abbas said: Go have Avti yourself.


The story of the difficult question

Old man came to the Imam Shafie, asked him: What is the evidence and proof in the religion of God? Shafie said: The Book of God. The Sheikh said, and what - well -? He said: Sunnah of the Messenger of God. Shaikh said: And what - well -? He said the nation agreement. Sheikh said: Where do I deal of the nation? He remained silent Shafei, said Sheikh: Samhlk three days. Imam Shafie went to his house, has been reading and looking at it. Three days later, came to the Board of Sheikh El-Shafei, greeted and sat down. Shafie said to him: I read the Koran every day and night three times, until God guided me to the meaning: It is Yshaqq Prophet after they found him, and follows other than the believers Novh blade and took it in Hell!. It goes against what was agreed upon Muslim scholars is not sound evidence introduced by the fire of God, and an evil destination. The Sheikh said: ratified

Months, a slap in history

Months, a slap in history
This story took place in one of the Middle Ages almost in the sixteenth century ...
And specifically in one of the German villages ...
There was a child alleged (Gauss), and Gauss was a student ... a smart and intelligence of the kind familiar to the extraordinary!! ..
The mathematics teacher whenever he asked a question was Gauss is the race to answer the question
Forbidden to do so of his classmates the opportunity to think in answer,
At times a teacher asked a tough question ... he answered it Gauss quickly ... which angered the teacher !!...
The teacher gave him a math problem ... and he said: Find me the result collection numbers from 1 to 100
Of course, in order to divert attention from the lesson and give way to others ..
After 5 minutes precisely, said Gauss voice edgy: 5050 !!!!!!!!!!!!......
Vsfh teacher !!!!.... on his face and said: Are you kidding ?!!!!.... where your accounts ?!!..
Locksmith Gauss: I discovered that there is a relationship between 1 and 99 and total = 100
And also 98 and 2 equal to 100
And 97 and 3 equal to 100
Thus, 49 to 51
And discovered that I got over 50 pairs of numbers!
And thus draw a general law for this matter,

n (n + 1) / 2
5050 and became a product!!!
Astonished the teacher of this genius did not know that he slapped at the moment
Big World: Carl Friedrich Gauss Carl Friedrich Gauss ... one of the most three mathematicians in history!!

The story of the historical paper

Paper is a thin flat material produced by compressing the cellulose fibers of the vegetables, natural fibers are usually so composed mainly of cellulose, the material is used in those pages of writing and printing and packaging bags and walls of houses and kitchens.

Date of paper
And is credited with the invention of paper material to the Chinese who Ontjoh from the first century AD, and so out of bamboo stalks (bamboo) and hollow rags or fishing nets, hemp and China grass. And is optimized using the bark of the trees, and hemp cloth where these materials knock, after the wash and lose their colors, in the mills, especially even turn into a paste, fresh be added to the amount of water until it becomes like liquid soap, and after that filtered the mixture taken fiber knit the remaining carefully spread over the Flat panel Tgvvh heat of the sun. After drying the paper sheet can refine it later obtained by a mixture of starch, flour and dried again. So get alleged paper unusable.

The development of paper industry
And has been the paper industry in the development and took great importance especially after the invented Gutenberg's first printing press, and began with her interest in the types of securities different, and started modern technology play their role in the industry, that it is now much more than just papers for printing and other packaging, but are there forms and types of Each performs a different role depending on the source of extraction.

There is a paper is taken primarily from the tree needles, which are commonly found in the northern regions of the cold of Europe, there are papers saturation fiber cellulose in order to take the feel of fabric and its luster, or because they give good specifications when printing them, and use of inks occasion, and have come from basic cotton trees and rice, vampire reeds.

Not only the methods and types of paper, but are there other specifications more precise and complex; where we find special devices to measure the gloss surface of the paper, and a device for measuring the strength and durability of pulling the paper used in packaging operations, as well as acidity and alkalinity.

Learn more about the paper
Relatively easy to differentiate between paper and other materials, but it is difficult to identify certain types of paper. For modern printed paper is usually a date of production is the best way to identify the type of paper. However, there are many groups, especially after 1820, when he was tested many of the fibers (the beginning of the grass hay and even allies), and when you use different sets of bleach catalysts and glued paper on the chemical. And lead these groups to recognize the complexity of the paper, so as not to be precise possible only through chemical analysis and analysis of fiber only.

And varies from machine-made paper handmade paper in many respects, but the regularity of fiber is the most striking aspects to consider. In handmade paper, caused inundation areas of mold or su (Japanese) suspended in the liquid component of water and fiber Shake with water and using his candidacy refinery, in which randomly overlapping fiber increases the strength of the paper. In contrast, production of paper is made using a drum machine on permanent rotation, circulation and cause the machine to align the fibers to each other in one direction, making the paper a bit weaker along the fiber direction or machine direction. There is a trend in the fiber of this other paper products, such as cardboard and folders.

Wrinkled paper that can be folded to reverse the fiber is forming folds flat, and the paper you are using a wet adhesive expands more and more to display the direction of fiber expands more than the length. To determine the direction of the fibers in procurement, could be bending the paper in both directions, and will show the direction of fibers less resistance. There is another simple test can be done by tearing the paper in both directions, Vsimzk paper more easily along the direction of the fibers.

Given the alarming rate of damage to the paper talk, been made many efforts to develop chemically stable paper, based on the alkaline species in the fortified base. In recent years, most Western countries focused on the production of alkaline paper. Because paper manufacturing processes that involve the processing of ancient acids cause the pollution of waterways, air and soil, has pushed the government regulations, the paper industry towards a cleaner, more processing and less polluting.

So Many of the paper is produced at present in industrialized countries is acid-free paper, but alkaline. However it is still cheap ground wood paper made for the purpose of printing newspapers and some other uses of non-permanent. And damages the paper quickly, leading to the emergence of problems, "the paper fragile" in the libraries in the world. These problems are acute in developed countries, in particular, where many of the production of paper books, acidic, and the weather is not suitable.

Paper Industry
Attend the paper from the fiber Alsellalosalta found in the walls of all plant cells. When a candidate mixture of water and the Olaovemn through sieve or promiscuous careful interweaving of the fibers with each other made up newspaper thin paper, and when dried thin wet arise chemical bonds between molecules in the cellulose fibers, giving a thin paper strength. Wood is the main source of papermaking fibers and packaging

Cellulose
Of the most organic compounds are widespread in the earth, the walls are cellular in the plant has a role Daami, consists of cellulose molecules of polymer comprising the series is branching consists of condensing molecules of glucose (sugar) that are associated with some links Gluckozsidih, and organized its molecules in the cell wall of plants in the form of fibers parallel sometimes interrelated and sometimes accidental, leading to the creation of support is very strong, protects the plant cell.


Paper Manufacturing Machine
The manufacture of paper automatically cleans the bark of the user using the machine to get rid of dust and foreign materials Oalrmad.
After this cleaning process, the bark is placed in a kettle where a large circular boil bark, and lime under steam pressure for up to several hours.
Lime combines with the fat and other exotic Article in the bark of the soap is soluble, and can be disposed of later this soap, and the lime reduces the dye any color found in the vehicle color.
Then turns to bark machine called Hollander to form a continuum.
And passes the mixture consisting of bark and water between the cylinder and base plate and turns Allha to the fibers, so that absorbs water from the basin, leaving the bark and fibers behind.
And while the flow of a mixture of bark and water on Alholandz, is disposed of dirt and soaked bark gradually decompose completely to a single fiber.
After that is entered in the wet bark Holandz subset of the machine to separate the fiber again.
At this point, add the coloring materials and glue glue and filler materials such as sulphate of lime, so as to increase the size and weight of paper.

Alorkorq types of newspapers
A few light paper durability very short-lived absorption of liquids.
Paper magazine
Which is similar to newsprint, but it is characterized by the Plumaana clear, and make both types of pulp chemical way.
Cardboard
Which is of two types:

Type polygon: It consists of several layers, and is used for the production of packaging.
Type of Ramadi: The dough is made by drying the pulp Almsthaddma especially when furnaces, instead of the drying cylinder, and is used in the binding of various publications. Paperboard
And addresses the pulp used in the manufacture of different chemical materials, and painted with layers of wax is used in food packaging

Hitler was afraid of the dentist and are suffering from bad breath

Hitler was afraid of the dentist and are suffering from bad breath

New research shows that / Adolf Hitler / was suffering from the fear of teeth as a doctor that his teeth were bad and smell the same foul.

The newspaper / Bild am Sonntag / German widespread for dentist (Manafish Dyprim) that I read the medical file of Hitler as saying Hitler had the sensitivity to pain.

And monitored the dentist during the PhD thesis own, which came under the title / dentist Satan / group of speculation about Hitler, she is very likely that Adolf Hitler had a smell the same foul odor as it fed was very bad as it was suffering from problems in the gums and tissues supporting . and the doctor confirmed the validity of documents, a private doctor teeth and General / Hugo Johannes / who for years treated Hitler, and a number of other personalities during that era.

Life story Albert Einstein

Albert Einstein (Albert Einstein) (lived between 14 March 1879 to April 18 (April) 1955). In the world of theoretical physics, was born in Germany, and received a dual Swiss and American, and condemns the Jewish religion. The author of the famous theory of general relativity. In 1921 won the Nobel Prize in physics.

Einstein was born in the German city of Ulm in 1879 and spent years of his youth in Munich. His father was a "Hermann Einstein" works in the sale of feathers used in the manufacture of pillows, and his mother worked "Ni Pauline Koch" with him in the management of a small workshop to manufacture electrical appliances after giving up the profession of selling the feathers. Einstein was delayed until the child's speech three years old, but he showed great passion for nature, and the ability to understand difficult mathematical concepts, have been studied for Euclidean geometry alone. In spite of his membership in the Jewish, Einstein has entered a Catholic middle school and received lessons in playing the violin. At the age of five, his father gave him a compass, and Einstein realized then that there is power in space are influencing the compass needle, and you move.

Interestingly, one of greatest minds of the twentieth century was suffering from difficulty in absorption, perhaps due to the shame of this man in his childhood. Rumour has it that Einstein had failed the child in the math later, however, likely that the amendment in the evaluation of grades students then raised that the child had been delayed and Einstein failed in mathematics. And the adoption of two of uncles Einstein's care and attention to this child support science in general Vzodah books related to science and mathematics.

After repeated losses of the workshop set up by his parents in 1894, his family moved to the city of Milan in Italy, and took advantage of Einstein's son the opportunity to withdraw from school in Munich, which disliked the strict regime stifling, and spirit. Spent after Einstein's years with his parents in the city of Milan to show that he must determine the way in life; finished the high school in the town of Arua Aarua Swiss, and provide after exams Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich Zürich in 1895, and I like Einstein's methods of teaching it, He often cut into his time to study the physics alone, or playing the violin. That passed the exams and graduated in 1900. But the teachers did not Arahoh to enter the university.

Einstein was to have waived his official papers for the German in 1896, making him no identity or affiliation with any particular country! In 1898, Einstein met with "Mylva Maric, Mileva Maric" his colleague on the Serbian school and fall for, and was in the study period, discuss with close friends in the science subjects. After graduating in 1900, Einstein's work substitute teacher, and in the following year, Einstein received the right to Swiss citizenship, and illegal baby girl they call from his girlfriend (to Asearl) in January (January) of 1901.

Daring the world Einstein in his youth prevented him from obtaining suitable employment in the teaching corps, but with the help of the father of a fellow school got a job as examiner (Laboratory) in the Office of the Swiss patent in 1902. Einstein married his girlfriend, "Mylva" in the January 6 (January) 1903 and had a son, said bore the name "Hans" in the 14 of May in 1904. In the meantime, the work of Einstein in the Swiss registry office always, and preparing for the doctoral dissertation in the same period, and managed to get his Ph.D. in 1905 from the University of Zurich, and was the subject of the message is about the dimensions of molecules. In the same year, Einstein wrote 4 articles science without reference to many of the scientific literature or to consult with his fellow academics, and this is the first step of scientific articles of modern physics that we know today.

Einstein studied in the paper first so-called Brownian motion Brownian motion, introduced many of the predictions about the movement of particles randomly distributed in the liquid. Einstein knew "the father of relativity," the theory that shook the world of science, the Nobel Prize was awarded to him in another area (photoelectric effect), which was the subject of the second paper. Amazingly, the four papers by Einstein is addressing the idea of ​​theoretical physics and match them with the logical consequences of that idea and experimental findings and theory, which dazzles scientists baffled at the time.

Einstein's scientific paper was about the third "special theory of relativity." Grabbed a paper, time, place, and mass and energy. And contributed to Einstein's theory by removing the uncertainty caused by a famous experiment conducted by two U.S. physicist "Albert Michelson and chemist Edward Morley," the late nineteenth century in 1887, has proved Einstein that light waves can be spread in the open without the need for a central or field, unlike the waves Other well-known that need to be the center of the spread such as air or water! And that the speed of light is constant speed and not with the relative movement of the observer (observed). It should be noted that Einstein's theory that contrasted completely with the conclusions of the "Isaac Newton". Stunned the world of special relativity Einstein's theory of absolute truth, because of time and space and dimensions are rejected. Revocation came to be called the theory to distinguish between them and the subsequent Einstein's theory of relativity, which was named General.

Mid-life
In 1906 Einstein elevated the career ladder to the rank of technical examiner second class, and in 1908, granting leave to give classes and lectures, "Berne" in Switzerland. The baby was born the second of Einstein, who was named "Edward" on 28 July 1910, and divorced Einstein after his wife Mylva on 14 February 1919 and later married the daughter of his uncle, "Elsa Lowenthal," which older than three years on 2 June 1919.

One does not know until this time nothing about the fate of Einstein's first child from his wife of illegal Mylva; as some believe she died in infancy, and others believe that they had given her parents and those who do not have children for adoption. As for the children of Einstein, one of whom has schizophrenia and died later in a mental clinic, who took treatment and care. The second son, moved to California to live in America and then became a professor (Dr.) at the university, and his contacts were with his father is very limited.

In 1914 and before World War I, Einstein settled in the city, "Berlin", Germany. It was not Einstein advocates of the war, but he was a Jew, causing a sense of national Germans upset about this man, and the upsurge of this resentment to Einstein by the national German when Einstein became known worldwide after it emerged magazine the "Time" of America in the November 7 (November) 1919 with an article confirming the validity of Einstein's theory of gravity.

Subsequent years
The arrival of the leader Adolf Hitler to power in 1933 the growing hatred towards Einstein Vathmh National Socialists (Nazis) established a "Jewish physics", as some scientists have tried Germans to undermine the rights of Einstein in his theories which led Einstein to escape to the United States of America, which awarded him in turn to establish permanent, and engaged in "Advanced Studies Institute" at the University of Princeton in New Jersey. In 1940, Einstein became a U.S. citizen while retaining the Swiss nationality.

Recent years
Offered to the Israeli government to Einstein's head of state in 1952, but Einstein rejected the Israeli offer. In 1955, died in Einstein without finding a solution to the Theory of Gravitation, and burning his body in the city, "Trenton" in the state of "New Jersey" on April 18 ( April) 1955, and scattering the ashes of the body in an undisclosed location, and save the world, Einstein's brain in a jar at the coroner "Thomas Harvey", who performed the autopsy on his body after his death.

Beliefs
Einstein was thought to "the God who in tune with all that exists in the universe is not God who intervenes in human behavior and Bokdar!" In a direct question from the nearest to the religious beliefs, he replied Einstein as "Buddhism." Albert Einstein was Jewish religion and doctrine among those who escaped and fled from the Holocaust by the Nazi Abad thousands

Selections from the words of Einstein
Two things hunters who have no limits, the universe and human stupidity, and I'm not sure about the universe.
The most important thing is to not stop questioning.
Is the most beautiful sense of mystery, it is the source of art and science.
All that is great and inspiring man made work freely.
Should not the fact the theory, not fact.
Insanity is to do the thing again and again and expecting a different result.
The truth is proof before the exam experience.
Any fool can make things look bigger and more complicated, but you need to brave a genius to make it look otherwise.
Imagination is more important than knowledge.
The truth is only an illusion, but they are fixed.
Human life begins, when it can out of life itself.
I do not think about the future, it comes quickly.
Of not mistaken, did not try something new.
Science is wonderful, if you were not living by it.
The secret to creativity is knowing how to hide your sources.
Science is not only to rearrange your mind daily.
We can not solve the problem using the same mindset that created them.
Culture is what remains after that forget what you learned in school.
Equations the most important for me, the policy of the present and the equation of eternity.
If A = success. The a = b + c + y. Where B = work. C = play. Y = keep your mouth closed.
The closer the laws of reality are not fixed, and the closer of stability has become unrealistic.
I do not know the weapon that will use rights in the third world war, but I know that he would use the stick and stone in World War IV.
The most precious thing in the world is a brilliant idea or intuition.
The only thing that let him intervene in a scientific and my research is my culture and my information private.
Science without science is lame, religion without science is blind.
I'm not talented, I'm curious.
If I lived again to choose to be Moasergee.
Between past, present and future, there is no illusion in the thinking of the human mind .. if you have noticed that - sad times we feel it's long days, while experiencing the joy Kadakkikh - these are relative.
Better bad habit of silent virtue Mtcabrh.
Intuitive mind is a sacred gift, and the mind is a reasonable server fruitful .. Achtlguena have a society that respects the server and forget the gift of the Holy.
All religions, arts and sciences spin on the same tree.
The relative teaches ligament or the relationship between the different descriptions of a thing with the truth itself.

Mahatma Gandhi .. An advocate of nonviolence, spiritual leader of India

Mahatma Gandhi .. An advocate of nonviolence, spiritual leader of India
Mahatma Gandhi gave the Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi, his life to spread the policy of peaceful resistance or non-violence and continued for more than fifty years of promises, and in years of his life last increased interest in defending the rights of the Muslim minority and suffered for the separation of Pakistan and sorrow for the violence in Kashmir and called on Hindus to respect the rights of Muslims which raised the ire of some Mtasbém fatal bullets fired by one of them fatally.
Birth and upbringing
Born Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, known as "Mahatma" (ie, the Great Soul or Saint) in the second of October / November 1869 in Port of Bandar province of Gujarat, India from a conservative family with a long tradition in politics, where he served his grandfather and later his father was prime minister Emirate of Port Bandar, as was the family's famous business projects. He spent a normal childhood and then married a thirteen-year-old Indian tradition, according to local and livelihood of the four children of his marriage.
Study
Gandhi traveled to Britain in 1888 to study law, and in 1891 he returned to India after which he received a BS degree conferred upon him the exercise of the legal profession.
Intellectual affiliation
The foundations of Gandhi is known to the world of politics to "peaceful resistance" or the philosophy of nonviolence (Alsatyaraha), a set of principles founded on religious, political and economic at the same summary of courage, truth and nonviolence, and aims to defeat the occupier, through full awareness and deep imminent danger and configure force capable of confronting this threat to non-violence to violence first and then if there is no other option.
Nonviolence is not a deficit
Gandhi explained that nonviolence is not a deficit or a weakness, because "to refrain from punishing is not forgiveness only when the ability to punish really existent," It does not also mean not to resort to violence at all, "I may resort to violence a thousand times if the alternative castration of the entire human race. " The aim of the policy of non-violence in Gandhi's opinion is to highlight the injustice of the occupation on the one hand and turn public opinion on this injustice on the other hand as a prelude to eliminate it totally or at least confined and prevent outbreaks.
Non-violent methods
Policy of non-violence and take several methods to achieve the purposes of fasting and boycotts and sit-ins and civil disobedience and accept the sentence and not the fear that these methods lead to the end to the death.
Conditions for the success of non-violence
Gandhi is required for the success of this policy discount Enjoy the rest of the conscience and the freedom of finally being able to open substantive dialogue with the other party.
Gandhi wrote in the affected
Gandhi was influenced by a number of books have had a major role in shaping his philosophy and his political positions, including "pay tribute to Blessed," a Hindu epic poem written in the third century BC and considered Gandhi his dictionary as a spiritual and a basic reference of it inspired by his ideas. Add to the "Sermon on the Mount" in the Bible, the book "until the Last Man," the philosopher of Englishman John Ruskin, who glorified the team spirit and work in all its forms, and the Book of Russian writer Tolstoy's "salvation in yourselves," which Zadeh conviction to fight Christian missionaries, and finally the book the American poet Henry David Toro "civil disobedience". It also seems influenced by Gandhi Balbrihamanah which is a daily practice and aims to make permanent control of all human senses and desires by asceticism and through food, dress, fasting and purification, prayer and reverence and silence on Monday of each week .. Through this practice, reach the same rights to free before the other is editing.
His life in South Africa
Search Gandhi for an appropriate job in India is practiced for its way of specialization and maintains at the same time the conservative principles he was taught, but was unsuccessful so he decided to accept the offer of work comes from a law firm in the "Natal", South Africa, and traveled already there in 1893 and was his intention stay for only one year but the situation of the Indian community there made him amends for the duration of survival and continued in that African country 22 years.
His achievements there
South Africa was a British colony like India and by many of the Indian workers who Gandhi decided to defend their rights before the British companies that they were working. The period spent in South Africa (1893 - 1915) of the most important stages of intellectual development and political as it provided an opportunity to deepen their knowledge and cultures and learn about the different religions and beliefs, and tested the approach in political action has proven effective against British colonialism. And influenced by the scenes of racial discrimination which was followed by whites against Africans or the owners of the country's indigenous groups against the other colored living there. One of the fruits of his efforts at that time:

Restore confidence to the people of the Indian immigrant community and rid them of fear and a lack of moral and raise their level.
The establishment of the newspaper "Indian Opinion" that he called across to the philosophy of nonviolence.
Party was established "for the Natal Indian Congress," through which to defend the rights of Indian workers.
Fight a law that had deprived the Indians of the right to vote.
Changing what was known as "Decree Asian" which forces the Indians to register themselves in the records private.
Dissuade the British government for its intention to determine the Indian immigration to South Africa.
Abolition of the law against non-Christian marriages.

Back to India
Gandhi returned from South Africa to India in 1915, and within a few years of work has become the national leader of the most popular. He focused his year on the struggle against social injustice on the one hand and against colonialism, on the other, and particularly interested in the problems of workers, peasants and outcasts and considered the latter category, which he called "sons of God" is an affront to India and unworthy nation seeks to achieve freedom and independence and liberation from injustice.
Fasting to death
Gandhi decided in 1932 to start fasting to death in protest against the bill enshrines discrimination against untouchables in the Indian elections, leading politicians and religious leaders to negotiate and reach a "Convention Bona," which ruled to increase the number of Representatives, "untouchables" and the abolition of the electoral system of discrimination.
Stances of the British occupation
Characterized by the positions of Gandhi, of the British occupation of the Indian subcontinent is predominantly solid initial does not eliminate the sometimes tactical flexibility, and caused him moving between national positions hardened and adjustments interim truce embarrassment with his opponents and his supporters arrived sometimes to the point of treason and to challenge the credibility of the national struggle by the opponents of his style, For For example, cooperation Gandhi with Britain in the First World War against the Axis powers and participated in 1918 at the request of the British Governor in India Conference Delhi, military, and then go to the opposition of direct British policy between 1918 and 1922 and a student during that period, full independence for India. In 1922 he led the movement of civil disobedience has stepped up public anger, which reached in some cases to a clash between fans and security forces and the British police which led him to stop this movement, though he was sentenced by the British authorities was sentenced to six years and then returned and released him in 1924.
Salt march
Challenged Gandhi British laws which restrict the extraction of salt, the British authorities which sign these authorities in a quandary, and he led the march of a popular route to the sea to extract salt from there, and in 1931 ended the rebellion after the parties to reach a compromise and signed a "Treaty of Delhi."
Resign from the Congress Party
Gandhi decided in 1934 to resign from the Congress Party and was devoted to the economic problems that were experienced by rural India, in 1937, encouraged the party to participate in the elections, saying that the Constitution in 1935 and is a sufficient guarantee a minimum level of credibility and impartiality.
In 1940 he returned to the disobedience campaigns once again fired a new campaign to protest the declaration of British India is a fight against the armies of the Axis without gaining independence, and continued disobedience, even in 1941 Britain which is busy with World War II and is interested in restoration of conditions of India to have help in the war effort . And about the danger of Japan imminent British government has tried to reconcile with the independence movement of India sent in 1942 mission known as the "mission Cripps," but failed in its bid, and the impact of prior Gandhi in 1943 for the first time the idea of ​​entering India in the war against the Axis Powers in the hope of gain independence after that, and he addressed the British famously "Let India and you are the masters," but this speech did not like the British authorities then launched a campaign of arrests and practiced all kinds of violent repression was Gandhi himself from his victims, where he was held behind the bars of the prison and only released him in 1944.
Sadness over the partition of India
The end of 1944 and early 1945, India approached independence, and increased the fears of secessionist calls designed to be divided into two states, between Muslims and Hindus, Gandhi tried to persuade Mohammed Ali Jinnah, who was at the head of the advocates of this separation to reverse its direction but failed.
This has already been on August 16 / August 1947, and announced that the division of India has so dominated the religious unrest across India, reached an end of violence exceeded all expectations fell in Calcutta alone, for example, more than five thousand people. Has suffered Gandhi to these events and considered a national disaster, and increased the pain of escalating tension between India and Pakistan over Kashmir, and numerous deaths in the armed clashes that broke out between them in 1947/1948 and taking calls for a restoration of national unity between the Indian and Muslim students in particular, of the majority Hindu respect the rights of the Muslim minority.
And death
Has not lived up calls Gandhi of the majority Hindu respect the rights of the Muslim minority, and considered some of the categories Hindu fanatic treason so I decided to get rid of it, and already in the January 30, 1948 was a Hindu fanatics three bullets fatally fell to the impact of Mahatma Gandhi bits by the age of Enahr 79 years

Isfahan

Isfahan

Geographic Location:

Isfahan is located in the central plateau of Iran, and away from the capital Tehranli (700 km) to the south, one of the major cities of Iran. Characterized Tayib air, soil and healthier soils of the earth, and its climate is mild. Isfahan and long-standing, affairs may Bzla travelers, and hailed by fans; to the health of air and free of all vermin. And the reported speech to pilgrims in one of his governors: "It may Atk his lap, kohl, and Zbabha bees, Hacischha Zgfran." The poet said:

I'm not ASSY from Isfahan on something

Only its water nectar albumin

And youth and Mnkriq breeze wind

Joe on the net anyway

And have a saffron and honey Almave

Under the majesty and Asaafinat

Isfahan in history:

The ancient city of Isfahan placement known as "G", which is now known Bashhurstan and the city.

And walked to the "Nebuchadnezzar" and to take Jerusalem and the captivity of its people, he held up its Jews and bring them down sapling; they built them at the edge of the city of "G" and the locality Nzloha; and called Judaism.

Has opened Isfahaan time of 'Umar ibn al-Khattab in the year (19 e) after opening Nahawand, opened Abdullah bin Abdullah bin Itbaan, and was on the front of his army Abdullah bin and Riqa Riahi, and in "Fattouh countries," said Albuladhira that the opening of Isfahan, Rsatagaha was in the range of years (23 e or 24 e).

In (1593 AD) made the first Abbas Safavid Isfahan as his capital instead of "Caspian."

One of the great commercial and industrial cities in the country, and most important industries of food, construction materials, fabrics and wool textiles.

The most important monuments:

Sapling in many markets, historic palaces, and many Islamic monuments, mosques, historical monuments, minarets, and some of them dating back more than five hundred years, most notably:

Sraban minaret: the magnificent building dates back Bnicochha and Vsevsaúha and Obbagha to the fourteenth century.

Palace of Shah Abbas Safavid I: built on made Isfahan the capital of his kingdom instead of the Caspian years (1593 m).

Great Mosque of the Shah is also one of the most beautiful mosques in the world.

Mosque of Imam Ali bin Abi Talib: due to the built-century atheist century AD.

Flags of Isfahan:

The output of Isfahan group of scholars, literature, and talk - what did not come out like him from the city of cities, including: Abu Faraj al-Isfahani, author of "songs", Al-Hafiz Imam Abu Naeem Ahmed bin Abdullah bin Mehran's classification of "Ornament saints" (d. 430 AH), Abu Mansur Husayn ibn Tahir ibn Zalh Isfahani, shorten the "healing" of Ibn Sina, and explain the message "neighborhood bin awake," and died a year (450 AH), and Raghib Isfahani Abu al-Qasim Hussain, author of "Lectures and Writers Mahorat poets, rhetoricians," and died in (565 e).

Alexandria

Alexandria

Geographic Location:

Acquire the geographical location of the Alexandria of great importance; is one of the most important sea ports around the Mediterranean, has earned the site a climate distinct from the rest of the countries of Egypt, and make them vulnerable to invasions by marine eras different, and has described Ibn Battuta said: (is the gap Mahroos, towing Almonos ).

From the date of Alexandria:

In the year (20 AH / 641 AD) opened the Amr Ibn El-Aas fortress "Babylon" opened up in front of him the way to Alexandria, and marched to it in the spring of the first year (20 AH), and is open to Muslims after a siege of (14) months. He gave the governors of Alexandria, the Muslims in the Umayyad and Abbasid fortifying the coast ligaments and considered it home ligament; it vulnerable to attack from the sea, and its port fix the ports of Egypt to the descent of the enemy, and interested governors also built a number of mosques which, including: a mosque Moses peace be upon him, and the Mosque of vegetables, and the Mosque of Suleiman mosque or compassion.

And is interested in Muslims in Alexandria as the most important naval base where they built houses for the shipbuilding industry.

In Ayyubid Saladin cared much attention in Alexandria; Vahtm Bamartha and fortify the walls and the empowerment of land and sea defenses, and established a school where Saladin and Pemmarstana (ie, hospital) and a home for the Moroccans.

- Alexandria was the scene brighter Islamic eras in the Mamluk era, was built in this era more than three-quarters of the effects of Alexandria, which still exists to date, especially built by al-Nasir Muhammad and his successors, and also the famous castle built by Sultan Bey.

Scientific movement in Alexandria:

Alexandria was before the Islamic conquest of the largest centers of the two cultures, Greek, Romanian, and despite the departure of people from the study of Greek philosophy after the conquest but the Alexandria still occupies its World Cultural throughout the Islamic period; has excelled where many of the scientists who were educated in schools that were built in those times, in the Medicine excelled Nofal and Saeed Bin Saeed Bin penguin, has contributed bimaristan which was built by Saladin in the prosperity of medical science and other sciences that were taught school Salah al-Din, Mamluk and excelled in medicine, Abdul Wahid bin Moroccan almonds. In engineering, philosophy and science of mental excelled Rashid ibn al-Zubayr and Abu al-Aswani Makarem bin Amer bin Al Fattouh, excelled in astronomy I'm clever astronomer in the Mamluk period. The Alexandria since the Fatimid era Forum Scholars of Morocco and Andalusia and the Levant, both are reminded of them: Abu Hajjaj Yusuf bin Abdul Aziz bin Nader Almiourgui, and Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Muslim ibn Muhammad al-Qurashi miserable Sicilian, and Abu Bakr Tartooshi, Abdul Rahman bin Abi Bakr bin obsolete.

The study in forensic science and the Arab system of scientific seminars in the mosques and the mosques of Alexandria, ancient and modern.

Landmarks Alexandria:

Doors: One of the main doors, "the door of syphilis," and "door Nectarine", and "the Strait of Bab."

- Castles: the most important of the "Bey Citadel," filed by King al-Ashraf Bey years (882 AH). The castle of "string", built by Sultan bin Nasser Qalawun. In addition to a group of famous towers which were built in the Mamluk period, including: East Tower, Tower Dargham, Tower Attic door, and the tower door syphilis.

Mosques: Mosque of the most important of the east known Attarine Mosque, was built in (1669 m).

Schools: School of salvation which was built by Ben Abid salvation.

School Nabulsih: built by Sheikh Jamal al-Din al-Nabulsi.

Two schools and I'm proud of the University: It was established by Abd al-Latif al-Tikriti.

Istanbul

Istanbul

Geographic Location:

The city of Istanbul in the European part of Turkey, over the city «Constantinople» ROMANIAN old, the unique geographical nature, as bounded on the north, "Black Sea", and the East "the Sea of ​​Marmara," and South "Aegean Sea", on the west by a narrow strip Post continent of the Earth Europe. The importance of this site that makes Istanbul one of the most important points of contact between Asia and the continent of Europe, and it is one of the guarding strategic sites in the world, as it is the key to Europe from the east.

Istanbul through history:

Entered the city of "Islam, Paul" Islamic history and the world to replace the city "Constantinople" ROMANIAN old since the opening of Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror years (857 AH) was renamed to "Islam, Paul," and then misrepresented to Istanbul after that, the Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror changed a lot of sightseeing ROMANIAN Around the old church of "Hagia Sophia" to a large mosque, and built a mosque at the tomb of the great companion Abu Ayyub al-Ansari - may Allah be pleased with him, and then became the inauguration of the sultans are at this mosque.

And continued to Istanbul in the historical role metropolis of the Ottoman state that moved the capital from Istanbul to the "Ankara" center "Anatolia" year (1923), although it still lives the city past-form and memories of past glory and has been the heart of Turkey's cultural and economic.

Istanbul .. Parameters and effects:

1 - ROMILLY Castle Siege: a castle built by Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror in preparation for the conquest of Constantinople and to tighten the siege around it, is the Castle Siege ROMILLY of the most important features of the historical city of Istanbul, and is characterized by the castle, which overlooks the Strait of "Bosphorus" Bosoarha and lofty towers.

2 - Mosque Hagia Sophia, after the conquest of Constantinople year (857 AH), and the Fatih Sultan Mehmet convert the church «Hagia Sophia» into a mosque after he had been with four minarets, and remained a mosque of Hagia Sophia of the highlights of Istanbul that was Mustafa Kemal Ataturk and about the mosque to a museum!!

3 - Palace "Tobkaba": built by Sultan Mehmet the Conqueror after the conquest of Constantinople, the Palace was "Tobkaba" the headquarters of the rule of Al Othman, a long time, and around the houses of ministers and friends and the military, turning to the "Tobkaba" is now a museum containing a collection of the most important Islamic monuments, and its holdings from all over the Muslim world, and in this museum there are «Koran Osman» is the first Quran written in Kufic script, and cloak of the Prophet - peace be upon him - the gift of the poet Ka'b bin Zuhair, and a large collection of paintings, carvings and ornaments, swords, pearls local by daggers and thrones, which appear All Splendor of Islamic Art, which fascinates the tourists who visit the museum.

4 - Bosphorus Bridge: The most famous bridge in the world; it is the only link between the two continents, the fourth longest bridge in the world, a large engineering work rises above the water surface (64) meters to allow passage of larger ships and higher carriers.

5 - Suleymaniye Mosque is located in the region of Sulaimaniya, one of the masterpieces of Islamic architecture, and has over the mosque in the building and the determination to «Hagia Sophia» wonderful Byzantine architecture, where there is a seating capacity and height, and its uniqueness Palmazn four building was designed by famous architect Sinan, who is one of the great designers of Islamic architecture.

6 - Library Sulaimaniyah, one of the largest libraries in the Muslim world, established by the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent years (957 AH / 1550 AD), and designed the library building architect Sinan, and follows the Library of Sulaimaniya main attributed to Sultan Suleiman the number of libraries established by individuals.

The number of the content library of Sulaimaniyah manuscript and printed books (98 955) a book, from which (64 267), mostly in Arabic manuscript, and the rest in Persian and Turkish. This with the knowledge that the system of counting inventory of manuscripts and does not mention the duplicate copies of one book.

And the Department of indexes in the library was established at the end of year (1979), based in Sulaymaniyah, which includes three branches: a branch of the indexing of Arabic manuscripts, and the second of the Turkish, Persian and third.

Hulagu Khan, Genghis

Hulagu Khan, Genghis
Hulagu Khan (1217-1265) is the grandson of Genghis Khan and brother of Kublai Khan and Khan Mónaco.

Hulagu I assume - and or Christian - sent by his brother Mónaco in 1255 to complete three tasks in South West Asia, the first was to subdue the tribe Aler - people in southern Iran, the so-called Lorestan, secondly the destruction of a range Assassins Third, the destruction of the Abbasid Caliphate in Baghdad.



Hulagu campaign on Iran

Not Hulagu had exceeded the thirty-sixth years old when entrusted with his brother, "Menkoqa Anne," this task came out on top of huge army estimated at 120 thousand soldiers of the finest soldiers the Mongols, as well as senior leaders and knights, and the keenness of the Khan largest to recommend to his brother before moving to abide by the customs and traditions and apply the laws of his grandfather Genghis Khan, and that his goal is to enter the country from the banks of the River "Gihon" to Egypt in the State of the Mongols, and treats of the subject to his authority treated well, and Ivik humiliation of showing resistance even if the caliph himself, he should displaces Under do if they objected to his way.

And achieved Hulagu his first goal to take over castles Ismaili years (654 AH = 1256 AD), after many battles and desperate efforts of members of the community to defend their fortresses and castles, but it did not work about the power of the Mongol army, and was to spend the Mongols of this community to deviant signed Hassan and good effect in the hearts of the Islamic world, and his uncle joy in spite of the suffering and brutality of the Mongols and Svkhm for blood; because Ismailia was broadcast panic and fear in the soul, and the common evil and evil and deviant ideas.



Hulagu in Baghdad

Before Hulagu in achieving his goal the other to take over Baghdad and the elimination of the Abbasid Caliphate; sent to the Caliph Musta'sim threatened and threatening language either, and ask him to engage in obedience and delivery of the capital, and advised him that the speed in responding to his demands; even saves to the same dignity and their own security and stability, "When I lead my army to Baghdad in anger, Saqd you either Ochtbit in heaven or on earth. Sahriq your city and your land and your character. If you really want to protect yourself and your family are esteemed, I hear my advice, and you insist that you will see the will of God in you. ", but the caliph refused this warning and decided to to resist, despite the weakness of his troops and was led from the controversy and hostility, struck Hulagu siege to the stricken city that were not have anything to pay them an inevitable and entered the Mongols Baghdad in (656 AH = 1258 AD) and committed Hulagu and his troops of atrocities, telling of the horror chilling .

Shook the Islamic world to the fall of the Abbasid Caliphate, which Ozlt the Muslim world more than five centuries, and was the grief that filled the hearts of Muslims range so they thought that the world is about to end, and that the time is coming soon to Hall catastrophe that befell them, their sense that they are without a successor, which is Iatadoh not since the death of the Prophet (peace be upon him).

Hulagu invades Sham

Initiated Hulagu after the fall of Baghdad to prepare for the takeover of the Levant and Egypt, according to the plan set developed by his brother, "Menkoqa Anne" went out of Azerbaijan in September (657 AH = 1259) heading to the Levant, and succeeded in cooperation with allies of Christians in the seizure of "Miafarqan" dwellings Aleppo, the first city begins its campaign, Mongol, and did not fall until after two years of the siege, out of which the supplies, and decimated most of the population of the city, after the fall of the "Miafarqan" continued Hulagu creeping toward "Mardin" fell after eight months, and during the siege "Miafarqan" forces of the army of Hulagu invades areas Interviewing was taken over by the "Nisibis" and "Harran" and "Edessa" and "beer."

Thereafter Hulagu at the head of his troops to lay siege to Aleppo, and installation of the Mongols twentieth Mngeniqa on Civil and became Amatarunha with a barrage of shells until surrendered in (the ninth of Safar 658 AH = atheist Thirty-January 1260) and after Aleppo fell Castle "stages" and "Homs" and "Maara ", and became by the campaign open to Damascus.

When she arrived to the news the approaching Mongols from Damascus fled the King, "Nasser Yousef Al Ayoubi," with his forces, leaving his hometown of fate, was not before the people of Damascus after he knew what happened to Aleppo after resistance to Hulagu but to hand over their city, so do not received the fate of Aleppo, rushed a number of notables to leader of the Mongols brought gifts and asking him to safety, in exchange for delivery of their city before Hulagu, the Mongol and entered the city (the seventeenth of Safar 658 AH = 2 February 1260).

Hulagu's sudden departure to Iran

Achievement of the successive victories of the Mongols to believe that he can not power on earth can address them, and were the scourge of God's authority over the Muslims who are focused on comfort and neglected the Qur'an and the Sunnah of their Prophet and sapped their opponents .. In the midst of this confusion came the news to Hulagu the death of his brother, "Menkoqa that Khan" in (Sha'ban 657 H = August 1259) and had to be close to the process of selecting Khan new Mongols, and supports the nomination of his brother's East "Qhobelaa" for the job, was forced to return to Iran He was in his intention to only what he has achieved, but it changed because of the urgency of the Christian forces that were with him to continue in the invasion and the restoration of Jerusalem from the Muslims must separate force under the command of the most skilled Asakereh his generals Kitoboma (Katbugha) to complete the process of invasion.

The end of the myth of the Mongols in the eye of Goliath

Before leaving Hulagu-Sham (the year 658 AH = 1260 AD) was sent to Qtz message are all rejoicing and threatening, urging him to surrender and lay down their arms, and that no point of resistance to the power of books victory always have, but the Sultan Qtz not shake the words of Hulagu, or belong to fear and consternation, and other leaders have opted Sham humiliation of pride and dignity, and life under the dominion of the heathen to death and martyrdom in defense of religion and the homeland.

The Qtz up to the great event, speeches, great tragedy, killing messengers of Hulagu, and came out of the fighting did not wait for the arrival of the Mongols, and the two teams met in (15 Ramadan 658 AH = 24 August 1260) in his "Eye of Goliath" in Palestine, and held the Muslim Mughals who were under the leadership of Katbugha honest campaign, and fight them Bastpsahl and courage from dawn until midday, God wrote them victory, and defeated the Mongols in a humiliating defeat for the first time in their history, after the hearts had despaired of victory for them.

This has had a victory impact the Great in the history of the Arab region and the Islamic world, but in the history of the world as a whole; where Egypt kept of their civilization, civil, and expelled the Mongols from Damascus, and became the Levant up to the Euphrates River, under the rule of the Mamluks, and concluded that Europe of the great evil was not to a kings of ability to pay and resistance.

Hulagu after defeat

Try Hulagu to avenge the defeat of his army in the eye of Goliath, and return to the Mughal prestige in the soul; sent an army to Aleppo Vogar them and looting, but was defeated near Homs in Muharram (659 AH = December 1260), reversing beyond the Euphrates River.

Did not help the political Mogul to restore Hulagu his conquests on the Levant and completed what he started, after the death of "Menkoqa Ann" conflict of Princes House, the ruling power and split the Mughal Empire to three boxes independently, take the Hulagu one of them is the Khanate of Persia, then entered the Hulagu in conflict with " Berke "Golden Horde, the Mongols Alqubjaq (South Russia) and war broke out between them.

The Hulagu is himself a champion and protector of the Christian influence of his wife, "Tgazz Khatun" in the time he becomes Muslim Berke and money to support the Muslims, and this led to the conflict to disrupt the military activities of Hulagu in the Levant, and then he led the outbreak of internal wars between the princes of the Mongols to the suspension of operations invasion and expansion altogether.

Hulagu encourages scientists


Despite what is known by Hulagu of strength and ruggedness and extravagance in the killing and bloodshed, it has not ignored the promotion of men of literature and science, had widespread "Jouini" of Persian known estimate Hulagu, and succeeded in persuading Hulagu not to burn the Library of Ismailia, and the result was Arthalh to Mongolia and standing on the There are cases that the author of "History of Genghis Khan and his successors." And affect him that he instructed sports world, "Nasir al-Din al-Tusi" building an observatory in the city of "wallowing" gave him the smallest devices known in his time, and said that the library was established by al-Tusi and inflicted the Observatory contains more than 400 thousand volumes.

The death of Hulagu

In (19 of the first spring 663 e 9 January 1265 AD) died Hulagu near Maragheh is in the eighth and forty years old, leaving to his sons and grandsons of the Kingdom of spacious known Belkhanih Persia, was soon his wife, "Tgazz Khatun," that he suffered, and sorrow on their passing Christians in the Middle, and Adoheme of the saints.

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Alexander .. loving the Mediterranean

Alexander .. loving the Mediterranean

Is the Alexander the Great or Alexander the Macedonian military commander feat, and the King of Macedonia and is one of the greatest military leaders in the world, he led his armies to open most of the world and the imposition of influence Greek it, and is one of the distinguishing marks left by the Egyptian city of "Alexandria" Bride of the Mediterranean, which was founded by and beautified and made it the capital of his rule in Egypt.

Born Alexander Bella Macedonian capital of the old in 356 BC. M, the son of the King, "Philip" King of the country of Macedonia, which lies in northern Greece continent of Europe, and his mother is the Queen "Olimbas," a student of Alexander the Great by the Greek philosopher, the great Aristotle, and he knew for Alexander the sharp-thinking, courage and skill in many sports, and impressed by the great Greek heroism and conquest which was carried out by the Greeks in different countries.

Alexander the governor

Took Alexander to the throne in 336 BC. M, after the death of his father and was then no more than twenty years old, prompting many state governors Greek against him, but he managed to quell the revolutions of this strength and skill, and was able to rule the country strong, and the work of bringing to the barbarian peoples in the north of Macedonia and his influence on Greece.

In the year 335 BC. M The Alexander campaign and wide for the invasion of Persia, and was able to achieve many victories, Vakhadda many kingdoms under his control and imposed his authority, has also seized on the images in 332 BC. M after the besieging of a number of months, After that occupied large parts of Asia Minor and Syria headed for Egypt.

In Egypt

The opening of Alexander the Great of Egypt in 332 BC. M, is the order that was received by the Egyptians welcome and support the hope of them that will save them from Persian rule oppressive they endured, and has already spent Alexander, the Persians and the rule of Egypt, and was what to do when presented to them that went to visit Temple of Amun in the oasis of Siwa as a kind of gratification for the Egyptians, and the priests of the temple by giving him the title "Son of Amun", which placed it in a privileged position when the Egyptians.

During the approach of Alexander to the Temple of Amun in the oasis of Siwa over the small village of fishermen, which was called, the name of Racodh and he received this place impressed and decided to establish a great city bearing his name and has already entrusted to the engineer "Dinoqratis" this task so he created the style of the Greek cities, which lying directly the horizontal street on the main streets became the city of Alexandria, a city that Alexander had taken the capital of his rule in Egypt.

Alexander also worked to create a new civilization that combines both Eastern civilizations and the Greek civilization Greek brothers grew a mixture between each of the civilizations represented in the new civilization called the "Hellenistic civilization" and the city of Alexandria is the place for the dissemination of this civilization.

Death
After that the work of Alexander to achieve stability in Egypt sought after for the incursion into the Persian Empire, opened many of the country until he reached India, but enables him to disease, he returned to Babylon and died in the year 323 BC. M, which is still in the third and thirty years of age , after his body was transferred to Egypt where he was buried in Alexandria.

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Ibn Sina

Ibn Sina

Is Abu Ali Husayn ibn Abdullah ibn Sina was born in Avhna, near Bukhara year 980 AD, he studied science of mental and legitimacy, and became an authority on medicine, astronomy, sports, philosophy, and did not reach twenty years, under the Ibn Sina moving between the lack of princes employed in education, politics and management of state affairs, even He died in 1036 CE and was buried Bhmman.
More than two hundred of his works, between the books and letters indicate the capacity of his culture and his proficiency in science, philosophical and other, including the (healing) and (Deliverance), a brief recovery, signals and alerts, and summed pride Razi entitled (to the door of the signals).
Ibn Sina under Mayor doctors throughout the Middle Ages, as it has the greatest world of medicine since the 1100 - 1500 AD.
Body at the Ibn Sina is not effective, Valvaal but be a force or a picture or a breath, and man is composed of the same body, is filled by the breath of donor image is the mind active and the same forces of the best theory, and the arrest Almacolat, the world perceived, Vtarafh self by the senses outward and inward , and the highest power of self-theory: the mind that the first reason by force, then become a mind already, with the help of the mind active. After death, the remaining self-related reason (kidney) and HE good self in the union is already effective, and the eternal misery of the soul is good luck. As much luck self-knowledge and health in the world, have their share of the reward in the afterlife, was presented Ibn Sina Drhat knowledgeable and their chances of joy and happiness, concluding that the owners of knowledge and pleasures mental are the happiest those who know, and reconciled philosopher between philosophy and religion, including Try it from the interpretation of mental signs the Koran, and in the immensity of evidence to prove the mentality of prophecy and social imperatives to measure things people in their livelihood, and the realities of their lives in Tbesaarham Maadelhm.
And Ibn Sina in psychology are often exposed to issues related to education: it refers to the importance of attention to remember the sensations, he says that boys as well keep them busy is what occupies the hearts of adults.
Ibn Sina spoke on education directly in small message from politics and devoted the fourth quarter, including the policy of the man with his son.
Sense of Ibn Sina to proceed only after education beyond the sixth until the child is most joints, and aware of the reputation, and not carrying a book alleged inherent once.
And calls for children after the first stage of education and to direct all of them according to his tastes and aptitudes, and takes into account the scientific point of education and prepare young people to earn a pension. Ibn Sina has an important part in the science of music, among other mathematics in his book (the recovery) also has a brief music in his book (safe).

Prominent figures with a bad school reports

- Leader of the English (Sir Winston Churchill), 1874-1965 AD: The leader of Britain's illustrious Blida, a Aaf so that his father thought he would not be able to reap the living Although Churchill was loved history and literature, but he refused to study Latin and Greek, mathematics, and entered the school ((the escape)) pupils lazy and failed twice in the entrance exam to the school ((Sand Hurst)) has passed the examination in the third attempt, but then encountered some difficulties, which failed to overcome.

2 - World Tabaat English (Charles Darwin) from 1809 to 1882 m: Darwin was the small frustrated the students in the school and Okzlem to the point that his father was wrong with him so constantly and Anehrh said: ((You will be conducted shame on yourself and your family)). Darwin landed in the study of medicine at the University of Edinburgh, go to the University of Cambridge, where also failed to show his genius was not in the natural history but, when launched on a journey on board the ship ((Beagle)) in 1831 as about the trip to one of the most important scientific journeys in history, benefiting from the results of his research which to establish the theory of evolution or evolution.

3 - inventor, the U.S. (Thomas Edison) from 1847 to 1931 AD: No affects curiosity ((Edison)) strange days of his childhood in a only a mother tolerant and described his teacher first that ((confused)) and called him by his father ((stupid)) and warned the director of his school he (the (will not successful in anything)) is that his mother was able to make avid reader and soon began the scientific inventions The number of inventions registered in his name more than one thousand preferred invention with enormous humanity.

4 - German physicist (Albert Einstein) from 1879 to 1955 AD: the parents ((Einstein)) Ikhavan to their son because he falters in his speech until the age of nine and it was prolonging to think before answering a question from the questions and was late in secondary education with the exception of mathematics so that One of his teachers advised him to leave school because he failed and delayed entry into the Institute ((Polytechnic of Zurich)) a year because he failed the entrance exam and even after graduating from the Institute found it difficult to find a job, but in the meantime was formulating his ideas first on the theory of relativity.

5 - King of automobiles (Henry Ford) from 1863 to 1947 AD: Ford was in his early school has great difficulty in reading, writing, and he has a tendency to work machines from an early age and was repairing the machines in his father's farm and Wesley colleagues making steam engines and the wheels of the water.

6 - World English (Isaac Newton) from 1642 to 1727 AD: There was not much hope his future is small in spite of his intelligence the great Even though he was lazy and neglected but a fascination mechanics and allowed Newton to pursue learning in spite of his failure to complete his studies because he ran a farm his family has not liberated from Bladth only on the impact of a violent quarrel and shook his being spurred on to improve his situation and soon began his studies of mathematical and physical, which revolutionized the science.

7 - Spanish painter (Pablo Picasso) from 1881 to 1973 AD: the progress of Picasso at the school is slow because he refuses to do anything but drawing and was barely read and write when directed by his father from school in the tenth year and abandoned by his teacher's, who was prepared to enter secondary school after lost hope in the account and teach him after he succeeded with distinction in the entrance examination to the Faculty of graphic arts and leave the college because he felt bored and boredom begins to study drawing a special study in Madrid and Paris, where he struggled for several years before he stamped his mark on the timeless art world.

8 - Eng Scotland (James Watt) from 1736 to 1819 AD: he suffered in his childhood to the sister of chronic (pain half the head) and was thin too, so that his fellow in the row were Akhaddonh and Arabouna was ((idle and lazy)) in his studies, however, expressed interest and advantage in Engineering at the age of 13 and since that time began to develop the mental abilities that invented the steam engine, which helped create the Industrial Revolution.